扶贫车间模式的运作逻辑与生成机理

The Logic of Operation and Generation Mechanism on the Mode of the Poverty Alleviation Workshop

扶贫车间模式是地方政府通过就业方式帮扶贫困户脱贫致富的创新性行为。文章立足J县扶贫车间模式案例,从合作治理视角提炼价值整合、资源整合、信息整合与利益整合分析框架,探讨扶贫车间模式的运作逻辑与生成机理。研究发现,扶贫车间模式是政府、企业、村民委员会及贫困户合作共治贫困问题的产物,企业在政府和村民委员会支持下于行政村内开设生产车间,招聘留守非贫困户维持车间正常运转的同时吸纳贫困户就业,以此帮扶贫困户实现稳定增收。扶贫车间具有工作地点邻近且时间灵活、用工条件宽松及劳动密集型产业主导等特征。扶贫车间模式的生成缘自政府、企业、村民委员会及贫困户在合作共治中坚持合作主体平等自主理念,形成合作主体资源汲取机制,构建合作主体信息沟通机制,产生合作主体利益共享机制,从而实现合作主体在价值、资源、信息和利益方面的有机整合,建立起共生共存关系。未来应关注合作主体利益共享机制脆弱性问题,推动产生于特殊时期的扶贫车间模式常态化发展,实现脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接。

The poverty alleviation workshop is an innovative practice of local government to help poor households out of poverty and become better off through employment.Based on the poverty alleviation workshop model in J County,this paper presents an analytical framework of value integration,resource integration,information integration and interest integration from the perspective of cooperative governance,and explores the operation logic and generation mechanism of the poverty alleviation workshop model.The study reveals that the poverty alleviation workshop mode is the result of the joint efforts of the government,enterprises,villagers’committees and poor households.With the support of the government and villagers’committees,enterprises set up workshops in villages,recruiting non-poor households to maintain the normal operation of the workshops and attract poor households to work there,so as to help poor households achieve stable income growth.The poverty alleviation workshops are close to the villagers’homes,flexible in working hours,lax in job requirements,and labor-intensive.The emerging of the poverty alleviation workshop model results from many efforts of the government,enterprises,and villagers committees such as their insistence on the equality and autonomy of cooperators,the formation of resource absorption mechanism,the establishment of information communication mechanism,and the generation of the benefit sharing mechanism for cooperators.In this way,the cooperators realize the organic integration of value,resources,information and interests,and thus establish a symbiotic relationship.In the future,we should pay attention to the vulnerability of the benefit sharing mechanism of cooperators,promote the normalization of the poverty alleviation workshop model which emerged in a special period,and forge a close connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.