一种基于多属性决策的相变蓄热材料评价方法研究

Research on Evaluation Method of Phase Change Thermal Storage Materials Based on Multiple Attribute Decision Making

相变蓄热具有蓄热密度高、蓄放热装置结构紧凑、温度区间易控制、节能效果显著、易于控制和管理等优点,具有巨大的应用潜力。相变材料是组成相变蓄热系统的一个重要部分,相变材料性能的优劣会直接影响相变蓄热系统效率。在相变蓄热材料选型时,需根据工程应用实际情况,综合对相变蓄热材料的性能进行评价,包括热力学标准、动力学标准、化学标准和经济标准四个维度。一般可以把相变焓、比热、过冷度、导热率及价格作为同温区相变材料的主要考虑因素。由于这四个维度往往难以兼容,因此怎样更好地对适用于系统的相变蓄热材料进行合理量化的评价分析,对于项目的可行性起着至关重要的作用。提出一种通过相变材料不同特性进行排序或择优的方式,对适用于不同应用场景下的相变蓄热材料备选方案的不同属性进行量化的评价方法(MADM),并将层次分析法(AHP)引入到相变材料的量化选择过程中,将定量分析与定性分析结合起来进行相变材料选型的科学决策分析。选择6种市面上常用的中温相变材料作为待选材料,并核定潜热、导热系数、比热、过冷度、单位价格作为评估指标,基于AHP法评价选择相变蓄热材料,分别给出以性能优先和综合考虑性能、经济性的材料选择方案排序。

Having the advantages of high thermal storage density,compact thermal storage and release structure,easy temperature range control,remarkable energy saving effect,and easy control and management,phase change thermal storage has huge application potential in the field of thermal storage.Phase change material is an important part of phase change thermal storage system,and the performance of phase change material will directly affect the efficiency of phase change thermal storage system.In selecting phase change thermal storage materials,the performance of phase change thermal storage materials are to be comprehensively evaluated ac-cording to practical engineering applications from four aspects of thermodynamic standards,kinetic standards,chemical standards and economic standards.In general,phase change enthalpy,specific heat,subcooling degree,thermal conductivity and price can be taken as the main considerations for phase change materials in identical temperature zone.Since these four aspects are incompatible with each other,how to reasonably and quantitatively evaluate and analyze the phase change thermal storage materials suitable for the system is crucial to the feasibility of the project.This paper proposes Multiple Attribute Decision Making( MADM),a method for quantifying the different attributes of phase change thermal storage material alternatives that are suitable for different application scenarios by sorting or optimizing different characteristics of phase change materials,and introduces Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) into the quantitative selection of phase change materials to com-bine quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis in the scientific decision making analysis of phase change material selection. Six types of commonly used medium-temperature phase change materials are selected as the material alternatives,and latent heat,thermal conductivity,specific heat,subcooling degree and unit price are used as the evaluation indicators.Phase change thermal storage materials are evaluated and selected based on the AHP method,and the ranking of material alternatives is presented respectively based on performance priority and the comprehensive consideration of performance and economy.