海安市学龄期儿童肥胖流行情况及影响因素分析

Prevalence of obesity and its influencing factors among school-aged children in Hai’an City

目的调查海安市学龄期儿童肥胖流行情况,分析其影响因素,为学龄期儿童肥胖的早期干预提供科学依据。方法按照分层随机整群抽样方法选取海安市两所小学,在其中1~6年级中抽取共计2480名学生作为调查对象。本研究通过体格测量计算儿童的体重指数(body mass index,BMI),参照《中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准》诊断,统计肥胖状况,采用自制的“海安市学龄儿童健康状况及健康行为调查问卷”调查海安市学龄期儿童的肥胖流行相关因素,并采用单因素χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析评估海安市学龄期儿童肥胖的相关影响因素。结果本研究2480名海安市学龄期儿童中共检出肥胖儿童285例,肥胖率为11.49%。经单因素χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析显示,有肥胖家族史(OR=3.391,95%CI:2.019~5.700)、喜欢零食饮料(OR=3.804,95%CI:1.988~7.277)、喜欢吃洋快餐(OR=3.149,95%CI:2.030~4.884)、喜欢吃肉类(OR=2.713,95%CI:1.829~4.023)、每天运动时间<2 h(OR=2.795,95%CI:1.845~4.236)、家长经常满足孩子自选食品(OR=3.785,95%CI:1.986~7.213)、家长不了解肥胖不良后果(OR=4.141,95%CI:2.021~8.486)是影响海安市学龄期儿童肥胖的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论海安市学龄期儿童肥胖发生率较高,并与多种因素相关。应重视学龄期儿童肥胖情况,通过加强宣传、教育促进学龄期儿童养成良好的生活习惯和行为,达到减少和预防肥胖发生的目的。

Objective To survey the prevalence of obesity among school-aged children in Hai’an City,and to analyze its influencing factors so as to provide a scientific basis for early intervention of obesity in school-age children.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 2,480 students from grades I-VI of two primary schools in Hai’an City to serve as the surveyed subjects.The body mass index(BMI)value of the students was calculated through anthropometric measurements.The prevalence of obesity was recorded according to the BMI Classification Reference for Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents.The factors related to the prevalence of obesity among the school-aged children were surveyed using self-made Questionnaire on Health Status and Health Behavior in School-aged Children in Hai’an City.Univariateχ^(2)test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the related influencing factors of obesity among the school-aged children in Hai’an City.Results In this study,the prevalence rate of obesity among the school-aged children in Hai’an City was 11.49%(285/2,480).Univariateχ^(2)test and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that having a family history of obesity(OR=3.391,95%CI:2.019-5.700),having a preference for snacks and beverages(OR=3.804,95%CI:1.988-7.277),having a preference for western fast-food(OR=3.149,95%CI:2.030-4.884),having a preference for meat(OR=2.713,95%CI:1.829-4.023),exercise for less than 2 hours per day(OR=2.795,95%CI:1.845-4.236),parents often satisfying their children with food of their choice(OR=3.785,95%CI:1.986-7.213),and parents’lack of understanding of the adverse consequences of obesity(OR=4.141,95%CI:2.021-8.486)were risk factors affecting obesity among the school-aged children in Hai’an City(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of obesity was high among the school-aged children in Hai’an City,and it was associated with a variety of factors.Special attention should be paid to the school-aged children’s obesity.It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education so as to promote good living habits and behaviors in the school-aged children and reduce and prevent the occurrence of obesity.