广州市成年居民邻苯二甲酸酯内暴露水平及影响因素研究

Internal exposure levels of phthalic acid esters and their influencing factors among adult residents in Guangzhou City

目的 分析广州市成年居民邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters, PAEs)内暴露水平及其影响因素。方法 2020年在广州市抽取310名18岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查,并收集其尿样。应用固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱技术检测尿液中PAEs的代谢物—7种邻苯二甲酸单酯的含量,包括邻苯二甲酸单甲酯(monomethyl phthalate, mMP)、邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(monoethyl phthalate, mEP)、邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯(monobutyl phthalate, mBP)、邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯(monoisobutyl phthalate, miBP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-氧己基)酯[mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, mEOHP]、邻苯二甲酸(乙基羟基己基)单酯[mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxohexyl) phthalate, mEHHP]和邻苯二甲酸-单-乙基己基酯(mono-ethylhexyl phthalate, mEHP)。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析居民邻苯二甲酸单酯水平的影响因素。结果 尿样中7种邻苯二甲酸单酯mMP、mEP、mBP、miBP、mEOHP、mEHHP和mEHP的浓度中位数分别为6.148、9.956、240.121、37.632、12.386、16.985、13.674 ng/ml;计算出对应的PAEs日暴露量分别为0.346、0.603、15.689、2.459、5.493、5.486、11.301 ng/(g·d),其中mBP的日暴露量高于容许参考暴露量,是广州市居民暴露最主要的PAEs。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:随着文化程度的提高,尿液中mBP含量呈下降趋势,学历为高中/中专、大专及以上OR(95%CI)值分别为0.454(0.219~0.940)、0.449(0.216~0.934);烫/染头发与尿液中mBP含量的增加有关,烫/染头发一年1次、一年2次以上的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.770(1.051~3.233)、2.113(1.156~3.865);24 h内食用水产品会使尿液中mBP的含量增加,OR(95%CI)值为2.751(1.018~4.048);每周进食2次以上油炸类食品会使尿液中mBP的含量增加,OR(95%CI)值为1.255(1.007~2.882)。结论 广州市成年居民普遍暴露于PAEs, mBP的日暴露量存在健康风险,mBP内暴露水平与多种因素存在关联性。

Objective To investigate the internal exposure levels of phthalic acid esters(PAEs) and their influencing factors amongst adult residents in Guangzhou City. Methods Three hundred and ten permanent residents aged ≥18 years were selected for a questionnaire survey in Guangzhou City in 2020, and their urine samples were collected. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine the concentration of 7 phthalate monoesters in each urine sample, including monomethyl phthalate(mMP), monoethyl phthalate(mEP), monobutyl phthalate(mBP), monoisobutyl phthalate(miBP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate(mEOHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxohexyl) phthalate(mEHHP), and mono-ethylhexyl phthalate(mEHP). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors affecting the phthalate monoester levels among the residents. Results The medians of mMP, mEP, mBP, miBP, mEOHP, mEHHP and mEHP concentration in the 310 urine samples were 6.148 ng/ml, 9.956 ng/ml, 240.121 ng/ml, 37.632 ng/ml, 12.386 ng/ml, 16.985 ng/ml and 13.674 ng/ml, respectively. And the daily exposure was 0.346 ng/(g·d), 0.603 ng/(g·d), 15.689 ng/(g·d), 2.459 ng/(g·d), 5.493 ng/(g·d), 5.486 ng/(g·d) and 11.301 ng/(g·d), respectively. The daily exposure of mBP was higher than the allowable reference exposure, and it was the most important PAEs exposure among residents in Guangzhou. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the urinary concentration of mBP showed a decreasing trend with the improvement of education level, the OR(95%CI) of high school/vocational high school education was 0.454(0.219-0.940), and the OR(95%CI) of junior college or above was 0.449(0.216-0.934). Participants who had their hair permed and dyed had higher urinary level of mBP, the OR(95%CI) annually was 1.770(1.051-3.233), and the OR(95%CI) biannual was 2.113(1.156-3.865). Participants who ate aquatic products in 24 hours had higher urinary level of mBP, and the OR(95%CI) was 2.751(1.018-4.048). Participants who ate fried food more than twice a week had higher urinary level of mBP, and the OR(95%CI) was 1.255(1.007-2.882). Conclusion Adult residents in Guangzhou are generally exposed to phthalate, and mBP exposure per day is a health risk. The internal exposure level of mBP is associated with most measured factors.