美国高等临床药学教育体系课程结构研究及借鉴

Experience drawn from the curriculum structure of American Higher Clinical Pharmacy Education System

目的借鉴美国临床药学教育课程结构经验,推进我国临床药学教育课程结构改革。方法从预科学习和专业学习两个阶段研究美国高等临床药学教育体系的课程结构及关键知识领域。结果美国临床药学教育体系课程结构的特征:明确关键知识领域,灵活设置课程体系;明确课程体系构建原则,强调课程整合;教师对课程负责,强调积极的教育方法;以成果为导向,不设统一学时学分;实践课程比重大,重视高峰课程和人文课程。结论提出我国临床药学教育课程结构改革的策略,即优化国家标准,以知识领域取代课程体系;加强课程横向整合,淡化课程学科边界;推进课程纵向整合,设置高峰课程;优化实践课程设置,强化人文课程;推进积极教学方法改革,打破学时学分限制。

Objective To promote the reform of the curriculum structure of clinical pharmacy education in China by drawing on the experience of the United States.Methods The curriculum structure and knowledge field of American higher clinical pharmacy education system were studied in two stages:pre-professional stage and professional stage.Results The characteristics of the curriculum structure of clinical pharmacy education system in the United States are as follows:the key knowledge fields are defined,and the curriculum system is flexible.Besides,the principles of curriculum system construction are clear,and curriculum integration is emphasized.Therefore,teachers are responsible for the curriculum and they use positive education methods.The learning is result-oriented,and no unified hours and credits are proposed.Great importance is attached to practice experience,capstone course and social/behavioral courses.Conclusion Strategies for promoting the reform of the curriculum structure of clinical pharmacy education in China are put forward by drawing on the experience of the United States.