江苏探区影响地震资料分辨率因素研究与对策

Factors affecting the resolution of seismic data in the Jiangsu exploration area: research and countermeasures

随着岩性油气藏的勘探发现,高分辨率地震资料成为现阶段江苏探区迫切的需求。本文以江苏探区地质特性及复杂地表条件下地震采集施工方式为基础,从地质条件、激发和采集等方面对影响地震资料分辨率因素进行分析,认为表层火成岩和强吸收衰减是制约江苏探区分辨率提高的主要因素。通过虚反射面、激发岩性和激发药量对激发频率的影响,指出了宽频激发应遵循的原则;结合近年来江苏探区复杂地表条件下地震采集应用措施,分析了障碍区炮检点不均匀、多震源联合施工对分辨率的影响,提出了今后江苏探区双复杂条件下提高地震资料分辨率的认识和建议。

With the exploration and discovery of lithologic oil and gas reservoirs,an urgent need has arisen for high-resolution seismic data in the Jiangsu exploration area.Based on the geological characteristics of the area and utilizing a seismic acquisition method specialized for complex surface conditions,the factors affecting the resolution of seismic data have been analyzed.It was found that the presence of near-surface igneous rocks and strong absorption attenuation were the main factors limiting the improvement in resolution.By pointing out the influence of ghost reflection,excitation lithology,and dynamic size on the seismic data frequency,the principles to be followed during broadband excitation were highlighted.Furthermore,the seismic acquisition and application measures implemented under complex surface conditions were summarized,and the influence of nonuniform source and receiver points and multi-seismic source data fusion on the resolution were evaluated.Finally,insight and suggestions are provided for improving the resolution of seismic data under complex surface conditions in the Jiangsu exploration area.