水通道蛋白3与胃肠道疾病相关性研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between aquaporin 3 and gastrointestinal diseases

胃肠道疾病仍是目前最常见的疾病之一,无论是胃肠道炎症还是恶性肿瘤都困扰着人类的身心健康和生活质量。手术治疗和化疗能适当地延长寿命,但是肿瘤转移、手术创伤和术后化疗药物的不良反应等使胃肠道黏膜屏障功能面临巨大挑战。人体胃肠道黏膜不仅能吸收营养物质、排出废物,同时还能起到肠道屏障作用,防止肠道菌群和内毒素的转移入血,引起各器官功能障碍。水通道蛋白(aquaporins,AQPs)是一类主要作为细胞内和细胞间水流量调节因子的膜水通道。到目前为止,13种AQPs广泛分布于不同器官和组织的特定细胞类型中,调节着水和小分子物质转运,而且参与机体多项生物学功能,是有机体维持正常生理状态所必需的。其中水通道蛋白3在胃肠道中广泛表达,通透水、甘油、过氧化氢等物质,不仅控制着液体离子平衡,参与细胞的增殖和迁移等,同时,还参与保护肠道屏障的完整性,增加肠道应对外界刺激时的抵抗力。而水通道蛋白3的表达异常将导致不同的胃肠道病理生理状态,直接影响着胃肠道的健康。本文就水通道蛋白3在胃肠道疾病关系的研究进展作一综述,为胃肠道疾病的发生发展开阔思路,为治疗提供进一步的思考。

Gastrointestinal diseases are still one of the most common diseases recently.Whether it is gastrointestinal inflammation or malignant tumors,people’s health and quality of life are still troubled.Surgical treatment and chemotherapy can prolong life appropriately,but metastasis,surgical trauma and postoperative adverse reactions of chemotherapy drugs pose great challenges to gastrointestinal mucosal barrier function.Human gastrointestinal mucosa can not only absorb nutrients,expel waste,but also play a role in intestinal barrier,prevent intestinal flora and endotoxin transfer into blood,causing dysfunction of various organs.Aquaporins(AQPs)are a family of membrane water channels that basically function as regulators of intracellular and intercellular water flow.To date,thirteen AQPs are distributed widely to specific cell types in various organs and tissues in humans,regulating the transport of water and small molecules,and participating in many biological functions of the body.It is necessary for the organism to maintain a normal physiological state.Among them,aquaporin-3 is widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract,permeating water,glycerol,hydrogen peroxide and other substances,which control the balance of liquid ions and promote cell proliferation and migration.Besides,it can protect the integrity of intestinal barrier and increase the resistance of gut to external stimuli.Abnormal expression of aquaporin-3 will lead to different gastrointestinal pathophysiological states,which directly affect the health of the gastrointestinal tract.The article reviews the research progress of the relationship between aquaporin-3 and gastrointestinal diseases in order to open the field for the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal diseases and to provide further thoughts for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.