农村家庭子女数量对中老年人精神健康的主要影响——对“三孩”政策出台及农民生育意愿深层分析

The Main Influence of the Number of Children in Rural Families on the Mental Health of Middle-aged and Elderly People——A Deep Analysis to the Fertility Intentions on a Third Child

“三孩”政策出台后,全社会生育“三孩”的愿望并不强烈。不生“三孩”的背后,不仅是经济成本与时间成本的理性度量,更是精神压力的理性选择。将子女数量结构分为子女数量、儿子数量、女儿数量、有儿无女条件下儿子数量和有女无儿条件下女儿数量、子女双全条件下儿子数量与女儿数量等不同分类,研究子女数量对农村中老年人精神健康的影响。结果证明,子女数量的增加显著负向影响农村中老年人的精神健康,而这种影响不是在父母步入中老年后造成的结果,而是精神压力长期积累的结果。提出加强政策关注、优化公共服务、营造文化氛围和做好转移支付等对策建议。

After the introduction of the Three-child policy,we can find that the couples are unwilling to give birth to a third child.The reasons behind are complicated,it is not only for the rational consideration about the economic costs and time,but also out of a rational choice which helps to reduce stress levels.In this study,the structure of the number of children is divided into the number of children,the number of sons,the number of daughters,the number of sons under the condition of having children and no daughters,the number of daughters under the condition of having children and no sons,the number of sons and the number of daughters under the condition of having both children to study the influence of the number of children on the mental health of rural elderly.Based on this,the results show that the increase in the number of children brings a significant negative effect on the mental health of rural elderly.The effect is not the result of parents growing old,but was the result of chronic stress.Therefore,a number of measures should be taken to alleviate the problem:concerning about the policies,optimizing the public services,building a culture environment and improving transfer payment system.