全人类共有视角下国际海底区域资源权属思考

Reflections on the Ownership of Resources in the International Seabed Area from the Perspective of the Common Human Being

在召开的联合国第三次海洋法会议期间正式提出“国际海底”概念。在第二次世界大战后,深海勘探技术发展迅速,国际海底资源的开发已逐渐具备可操作性,世界各国纷纷开始将勘探深海资源作为一项新兴产业。为维护国际海底资源的可持续发展和全人类的共同利益,1982年《联合国海洋法公约》确立人类共同继承原则,即“国际海底”区域资源归全人类共同所有,任何国家对国际海底区域资源均不享有所有权,各承包主体仅可取得排他性使用权并享有收益权。因此,世界各国在开展国际海底区域资源的开发利用活动时,均需遵守国际法相关规定,以人类共同继承原则为基础进行深海活动。理清国际海底区域资源的权属问题,有利于维护国际海底资源的可持续发展,确保全人类在“区域”资源开发过程中获取利益,也可为各《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国更好地承担责任和义务提供依据。

The concept of"international seabed"was put forward during the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.After World War II,with the rapid development of deep-sea exploration technology,the exploitation of international seabed resources has gradually become operable,and many countries have begun to explore deep-sea resources as a new undertaking.In order to safeguard the sustainable development of international seabed resources and the common interests of all mankind,the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea established the principle of common inheritance of mankind,that is,"international seabed"regional resources belong to all mankind,no country has ownership of international seabed resources,and all sponsoring countries can only obtain exclusive use rights and usufruct.Since then,when developing and utilizing international seabed resources,all countries must abide by the relevant provisions of international law and carry out deep-sea activities on the basis of the principle of common inheritance of mankind.Clarifying the ownership of international seabed resources is conducive to maintaining the sustainable development of international seabed resources,ensuring that all mankind can obtain benefits in the process of resource development in the area,and also providing a basis for the contracting states to the Convention to better assume their responsibilities and obligations.