东北亚地区五国水产品贸易优势比较研究

Research on Comparative Advantages of Aquatic Products Trade among Northeast Asia Five Countries

通过国际市场占有率指数和相对贸易优势指数分析了中国、日本、韩国、蒙古和俄罗斯五个东北亚地区国家的水产品贸易的比较优势,通过OBC指数法判断五国间水产品贸易的互补性与竞争性,并运用PRODY指数分析东北亚地区五国对外贸易中水产品比较优势升级问题。研究结果发现,中国水产品贸易的出口竞争力最强,俄罗斯水产品贸易的出口竞争力居于第二位,日本和韩国水产品贸易出口竞争力较小,蒙古几乎不具有水产品贸易的出口竞争力。通过OBC指数的测算发现,东北亚地区五国水产品贸易的互补优势大于竞争优势,中国与日本、韩国、俄罗斯在水产品双边贸易中呈现较强的互补性。但中国对外贸易中的水产品大多为低技术含量的初级水产品,因此,中国必须加强与东北亚地区其他国家经济贸易合作,大力促进区域经济一体化;加快调整与互补性市场的非关税贸易壁垒,巩固和提升中国水产品的出口竞争力;中国水产品加快提质升级,从传统粗放型贸易增长模式转向内涵型集约化方向发展。

This paper measures the international market share index and relative trade advantage index of the aquatic product trade among five Northeast Asian countries including China,Japan,South Korea,Mongolia and Russia,and values the complementarity and competitiveness of aquatic products trade among these five countries through the OBC index.And the paper also uses the PRODY index to analyze the upgrading of comparative advantages of aquatic products in their foreign trade among Northeast Asia countries.The study finds that overall,China’s aquatic product trade has the strongest export competitiveness,export competitiveness of Russia’s aquatic product ranks the second,export competitiveness of Japan and South Korea’s aquatic product is relatively small,and Mongolia has almost no aquatic product competitiveness.Specifically,China’s live fish,fish fillets and other fish meat,dried,salted or in brine,smoked fish and mollusks are superior products;aquatic product of South Korea and Japan and Mongolia are all disadvantaged;Russia’s frozen fish and crustaceans are the superior products.Through the calculation of the OBC index,it is found that the complementary advantages of the aquatic product trade among five Northeast Asian countries are greater than their competitive advantages.China,Japan,South Korea and Russia have strong complementarity in the bilateral trade of aquatic products.However,most of the aquatic products in China’s trade are low-tech primary products.Therefore,China should strengthen economic and trade cooperation with Northeast Asia,while further change the extensive production and operation of aquatic product trade,and develop high-tech processed products to further promote the upgrading and conversion of the added value of aquatic products.