渔业生产安全形势下老旧渔船管理研究

Research on Improving the Management Level of Old Fishing Boats under the Situation of Fishery Production Safety

近年沿海地区发生多起渔船沉没事故,这与发生事故的船舶老旧问题有相当关系。国家始终将人民的利益放在首位,尤其是生命这一最高利益,这是国家渔业管理部门启动多次执法行动,出台多项政策措施,强化老旧渔船管理的缘故。当前各地老旧渔船管理工作取得了重要进展,但为防止先前的工作成果失去价值,相关部门在最终目标尚未达成时,依然要认真履行监督管理职责。为了有效保障渔业生产安全,解决途径就是在研究老旧渔船管理基础上加以分析思考,针对现存问题提供法律方面的对策建议,完善渔船管理长效机制。目前旧渔船的更新改造实行自愿原则,而引导政策和相关措施的不足,易导致渔民淘汰老旧渔船的积极性不高,或者在淘汰老旧渔船后出现部分老旧渔船的返渔现象。此外,相关政策的不当利用还会衍生其他相关的违法行为。因此,有必要在老旧渔船返渔的处罚力度、优惠政策及相关配套措施三个方面予以优化。

In recent years,there have been many sinking accidents of fishing boats in China coastal areas,which are close related to the problem of old fishing boats in which the accident occurred.Our country always puts the interests of the people in the first place,especially the interest of life.This is why the national fishery management department has launched multiple law enforcement actions and issued a number of policy measures to strengthen the management of old fishing boats.At present,important progress has been made in the management of old fishing boats in various places,but in order to protect the result of previous work,relevant departments still have to earnestly perform their supervisory and management duties before the final goal is reached.In order to effectively guarantee the safety of fishery production,based on the analysis of old fishing boats management status,this research found that it is necessary to improve old fishing boats legal regulations,optimize preferential policies,improve management level,and truly improve the long-term mechanism of fishing boat management.At present,the renewal and transformation of old fishing boats is carried out on a basis of fisherman voluntary,while the absence of guiding and guarantee measures,which can easily result in the low enthusiasm of fishermen to eliminate old fishing boats,or the phenomenon of some eliminated old fishing boats returned to fishing.Improper use of related policies could also give rise to other illegal actions.Therefore,three kind of measures could be used to improve the management of old fishing boat,which includes optimizing the penalties for preventing old fishing boats from returning to fishing,perfecting preferential policies and release related supporting measures.Firstly,unify legal provisions,formulate corresponding penalties for the safety of old fishing boats and detailed rules for the joint survey;Secondly,strengthen preferential protection,encourage financial institutions providing credit support,actively promote the efficiency of government services,issue special insurance products through fishery cooperation organizations,and provide more job opportunity and social protection;Thirdly,regulate and prevent derivative violations,regulate illegal shipbuilding and deepen fishery administrative guidance.