植物修复石油污染土壤的研究进展

Research Progress in the Phytoremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil

土壤作为不可再生资源,是人类不可或缺的重要自然资源,然而随着人为活动的干扰,土壤的石油污染问题已成为世界性的环境问题,严重影响食品安全和生态环境。植物修复技术具有成本低、无二次污染、自然美观等优点,应用前景广阔。综述了石油污染危害、土壤植物修复发展现状,详细介绍了污染物的物化性质、植物的种类和部位、土壤的理化特性以及土壤添加剂等因素对植物修复技术的影响,开简要描述了其影响机理。筛选超富集的高效修复植物,解析植物修复的机理,寻找能改善植物吸收性能的新技术,同时加强植物修复在真实污染场地的应用研究,是今后的主要研究斱向。

Oil contamination of soil has become a worldwide environmental problem,which seriously affects food safety and the ecological environment.Phytoremediation technology,as a technology with great potential,has the advantages of low cost,no secondary pollution,and natural beauty.In this paper,the hazards of petroleum pollution and the status of soil phytoremediation technology were reviewed.The effect of physical and chemical properties of pollutants,plant types,and soil physical and chemical characteristics on phytoremediation technology was described in detail,and the mechanism was briefly discussed.Screening super-enriched plants,analyzing the mechanism of phytoremediation,finding new technologies that can improve the absorption performance of plants,and strengthening research on the application of phytoremediation in real polluted sites are the main research directions in the future.