非均匀残余应力的钻孔法测量原理及应用

Measurement and application of non-uniform residual stresses with hole drilling method

工件近表面的残余应力,尤其是表面大约1mm深度范围内的残余应力分布时常是一些制造行业关注的重点,而常见的残余应力测量方法,由于种种原因,在实测这一深度的非均匀分布残余应力时候会遇到困难。高速钻孔法残余应力测量技术采用分层钻孔的方法,可以较好地表征这一深度范围内的残余应力分布,在这一测量领域有独特的优势,但国内由于测试设备和技术的原因,采用这种技术并不普及。本文以喷丸处理的铝合金残余应力测量为例,结合相关国标和ASTM标准,详细介绍了该测量技术的实施过程和特点,阐述了高速钻孔法非均匀残余应力分析的计算方法,分析了分层钻孔法在进行非均匀残余应力场测量中的难点,并就解决方案进行了分析和讨论。

The residual stress near the surface of the work piece,especially the residual stress distribution within the depth range of about 1 mm on the surface,is often the focus of some manufacturing industry,and common residual stress measurement methods,due to various reasons,will encounter difficulties in measuring the stress distribution in the depth.The high-speed hole drilling residual stress measurement technology adopts the method of drilling layer by layer,which can better represent the residual stress distribution within this depth range.It has unique advantages in this measurement field.However,due to the testing equipment and technology,this technology is not popular in China.In this paper,taking the residual stress measurement of aluminum alloy treated with shot peening as an example,combined with relevant national standards and ASTM standards,the process and characteristics of the measurement technology are introduced in detail,the calculation method of non-uniform residual stresses analysis of high-speed drilling is expounded.The difficulties of layered drilling method in the non-uniform residual stress field measurement is analyzed and the solution is also discussed.