情报获取与饷械筹运——中法战争期间张之洞援台举措

Intelligence Obtained,and Equipment Collected and Transported:Zhang Zhidong’s Measures to Assist Taiwan During the Sino-French War

中法战争期间,法军进攻中国台湾,意图“据地为质”。因中国台湾孤悬海外,清廷屡饬沿海督抚援台。时两广总督张之洞对台援助积极,随着战局的变动,不断调整援台策略,反映其相关判断及利益考量。依靠沪、港、闽相关人员,张之洞与中国台湾建立联络,获取中国台湾情报,并转运兵勇、饷械。法舰封锁中国台湾后,张之洞派遣坐探赴台,并秘密札派委员于闽粤交界小口对台潜运军火。中法战时,张之洞对台情报获取与饷械转运,助推了中国台湾抗法,牵制了法军力量,终以镇南关大捷扭转了中法战争的局势。对张之洞而言,其积极援助台、越,获得醇王奕譞和军机处的赞许,为其赢得了一定的政治退路,摆脱了马江之战后的政治困境。

During the Sino-French War,the French army attacked China Taiwan with the intention of“taking the territory as the collateral”.Due to China Taiwan’s isolation from the mainland,the Qing government repeatedly ordered coastal viceroys and governors to assist China Taiwan.At that time,Zhang Zhidong,viceroy of Liangguang,was active in assisting China Taiwan.With the change of the war situation,he constantly adjusted his strategy of assisting China Taiwan,which reflects his relevant political judgments and interests.Relying on people from Shanghai,China Hong Kong and Fujian,Zhang Zhidong established contact with China Taiwan,obtained intelligence,transported weapons and soldiers,and transferred money to China Taiwan.After China Taiwan was blockaded by French warships,Zhang Zhidong sent spies to China Taiwan and secretly dispatched Weiyuan to smuggle arms to China Taiwan at the border between Fujian and Guangdong.Zhang Zhidong’s assistance during the Sino-French War helped China Taiwan resist the French aggression and pin down the French forces.Finally Chinese armies won the victory at Zhennanguan,which reversed the situation of the Sino-French War.As far as Zhang Zhidong’s official career was concerned,his active assistance to China Taiwan and Vietnam won the approval of Yixuan(Prince Chun)and the Grand Council,which gained him a certain political leeway and extricated him from the political dilemma after the war in Majiang.