融兵学于史学:朝鲜王朝徐命膺史学编纂理念初探

Integrating Military Science into Historical Science:An Exploration of Xu Mingying’s Historiographical Theory in the Joseon Dynasty

徐命膺是朝鲜王朝英祖、正祖时代的史学家,具有良好的史学和兵学素养。徐命膺不仅在史学著述上取得了重要成就,而且在史学编纂理念创建方面独出机抒。徐命膺创建的史学编纂理念主旨是:著史者不仅要具有相应的“个性素养”——“智”“道”“明”,而且还需具备相应的“编纂素养”。徐命膺从三个方面对其史学“编纂素养”进行阐述。一是要有“史气”,如同孟子的主张,具有浩然之气;二是要有“史体”,如同周公的主张,确定治国施政的纲要;三是要有“史法”,如同孙子的主张,治理三军,法令严明。徐命膺创建的史学编纂理念,触及“孟子”“周公”“孙子”三位重要历史人物,彰显了中华人文因素的影响。令人关注的是,此史学编纂理念植入了孙子兵学元素,“融兵学于史学”的特色很鲜明。

Xu Mingying was a historian in the era of Emperors Yingzu and Zhengzu in the Joseon Dynasty,and he had good qualities in both historical science and military science.He not only obtained important achievements in writing historical works,but also made unique contributions in the construction of historiographical theory.The gist of Xu Mingying’s historiographical theory is that the historiographer should not only have the corresponding personality accomplishments,which refers to wisdom,virtue and brightness,but also have the corresponding historiographical quality.First,he should have the historical spirit.As Mencius proposed,you should have the great spirit.Second,he should have a historical style,in pursuance of the proposition of the Duke of Zhou,to determine the outline of governance.Third,there should be a law of history to govern the three armed forces with strict laws and regulations,just as what was advocated by Sun Tzu.Xu Mingying’s historiographical theory touched three important historical figures,Mencius,the Duke of Zhou and Sun Tzu,and highlighted the influence of Chinese humanistic factors.It is noteworthy that this historiographical theory is implanted with the elements of Sun Tzu’s military science,and its characteristic of integrating military science into historical science is very distinctive.