约翰·洛克对外权理论探源

Trace back to the Sources of John Locke’s Theory of Federative Power

对外权理论是约翰·洛克对现代英国分权学说的特殊贡献。西方历史上长期以来的分权思想传统和17世纪英国分权学说的演化,在现代英国社会产生深刻影响,为洛克分权学说的发展提供了思想土壤。英格兰国王与议会之间对权力的争夺,西欧各国的国际关系与对外殖民扩张,是洛克对外权理论的社会政治基础。洛克参与对外事务的亲身经历及其对于历史与时代的思考,善于交往,经常参与结盟结社活动,则是他提出对外权理论的个人因素。这几方面均为约翰·洛克对外权理论的建立提供了深厚的资源。洛克在其分权学说中对于对外权理论的强调,反映了他个人的实践活动、党派性以及政治经验。

The theory of federative power is John Locke’s special contribution to the doctrine of separation of powers in modern Britain.The long ideological tradition of separation of powers in western history and the evolution of the British theory of separation of powers in the 17th century had a profound impact on the modern British society and provided the ideological soil for the development of Locke’s doctrine of separation of powers.The struggle for power between the King and the Parliament in England,the international relations and colonial expansion of western European countries are the social basis of Locke’s theory of federative power.Locke’s personal experience of participating in foreign affairs and his thoughts on history and times,his good communication skills and his frequent participation in associative activities are the personal factors for his putting forward the theory of federative power.All these aspects provide profound resources for the establishment of John Locke’s theory of federative power.Locke’s emphasis on federative power in his doctrine of separation of powers reflects his practical activities,partisanship and political experience.