20世纪50年代美国在欧洲部署核武器政策探析

On American Massive Nuclear Deployment in Europe During the 1950s

美国在艾森豪威尔执政时期开始大规模向海外部署核武器,欧洲盟国则是实现其安全战略的重要依托。美国在欧洲部署核武器的过程充满曲折,主要的原因是北约各国利益诉求不同、内部政治情形各异,特别是法、德两国在对待核部署问题上态度不一,以及美国政府内部的国务院、国防部两个部门在部署时机、谈判方式以及武器制式上存在意见分歧。随着美、法在北约军事一体化问题上矛盾的加剧,艾森豪威尔政府在欧洲顾此失彼、缺乏系统的核武器部署过程最终推动美国走向"多边核力量"计划。

During the Eisenhower administration,the United States began to deploy nuclear weapons abroad on a large scale,while its European allies were an important support to realize its security strategy.In this process,both the nuclear stockpile and the deployment of IRBMs encountered a lot of twists and turns.This was due to the different interests and internal political situations of NATO countries,especially the diverse attitudes of France and Germany towards nuclear deployment.In addition,the two departments of the U.S.government,the State Department and the Department of Defense,had different opinions on the timing of deployment,the way of negotiation and the mode of weapons.With the intensification of the conflict between the United States and France on the issue of NATO military integration,the less systematic nuclear weapon deployment in the Eisenhower period finally gave rise to the proposal of"multilateral nuclear force plan".