传统仪式在现代政治中的再现:1934年长沙祈雨背后的地方与国家

The Reappearance of Traditional Ceremonies in Modern Politics:State and Local Society Behind the Praying for Rain in Changsha in 1934

传统仪式在现代地方政治中的再现,离不开地方社会的推动和权力机构的合作。而地方政府参与其中的程度,则可彰显出地方自主性的大小。1934年湖南大旱,在长沙四乡农民的呼吁与湖南省区救济院的组织下,"地方神明"陶真人和李真人进入长沙城祈雨。湖南省政府在舆论的批评声中和中央政府的禁令下,通过一系列祈雨合法性的建构,毅然选择了支持祈雨。湖南省政府之所以如此,一方面与地方社会形成了密切的合作机制有关,另一方面则与对中央政府的离心倾向有关。地方社会力量的强大是1934年长沙祈雨活动得以开展的重要原因。

The reappearance of traditional ceremony in modern politics cannot be separated from the promotion of local society and the cooperation of local authorities.The degree of local government’s involvement can reflect the degree of local autonomy.In 1934,there was a great drought in Hunan.Under the appeal of the farmers from the countryside of Changsha and the organization of the asylum in Hunan province,the local gods Tao Zhenren and Li Zhenren entered Changsha city to pray for rain.Despite the criticism of public opinions and the ban of the central government,the provincial government of Hunan resolutely chose to support the praying for rain through a series of legitimacy construction measures.The reason for the provincial government to do this was on the one hand connected with the close cooperation mechanism established with the local society.On the other hand,it was related to the centrifugal tendency toward the central government.The mightiness of local social forces was an important reason for the conduction of the activity of praying for rain in Changsha in 1934.