清华简《系年》“京师”与平王东迁

“Jingshi”and the Eastward Movement of Western Zhou’s Capital by King Ping of Zhou in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Xinian

平王东迁是周代历史发展的重要转折点。清华简《系年》中的"京师"不仅是平王东迁路线上的关键节点,更是晋国拓土的首要选择。从晋国的角度分析,"京师"并非整理者所说的镐京,而是在晋南。以晋文侯立平王于"京师"为界,平王东迁可分为平王由西申至"京师"、处"京师"三年、由"京师"至洛邑三个阶段。在这一过程中,平王积极拉拢宗周旧族,造成了区域动荡,加剧了四夷对诸夏的威胁,但也孕育了霸政因素。平王东迁是王政向霸政转变的肇因之一。

The eastward movement of Western Zhou’s capital by King Ping of Zhou is an important turning point of Zhou’s history."Jingshi"in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Xinianis not only the key node on the migration route of capital by King Ping of Zhou,but also the first choice of Jin in expanding its territory.From the perspective of Jin,"Jingshi"was not Haojing referred to by the organizer,but lied in the south of Shanxi province.Surrounding the event of Jin Wenhou acclaiming King Ping in"Jingshi",the eastward movement of Western Zhou’s capital by King Ping of Zhou could be divided into three stages:King Ping moved the capital from Xishen to"Jingshi";King Ping lived in"Jingshi"for three years;and King Ping moved the capital from"Jingshi"to Luoyi.In this process,King Ping actively attracted the old clan of Zongzhou,which caused regional turmoil and intensified the threat of Siyi to Zhuxia.But it also gave birth to the factors of hegemonism,which was one of the causes for the change of"Wangzheng"(王政)to hegemonism.