战时国民政府对重庆面粉业的管控——以粮食部陪都粮政密查队为中心

The National Government’s Control and Management of the Flour Industry of Chongqing During the Anti-Japanese War:Centering on the Grain Ministry’s Secret Investigation Team on the Grain Issue

1941年7月,国民政府粮食部成立后即采用强硬手段管控重庆面粉业。为加强管控效果,1942年4月,粮食部成立陪都粮政密查队,对重庆市内面粉受户及粉厂进行秘密调查,目的在于调查陪都面粉配销弊端、提供处理意见、改善面粉管理。粮食部加强战时粮食管理符合时代主题,密查队也发挥了一定的纠偏作用。然而,这一举措在执行过程中被密查队员滥用,所查案件三分之一以上属于队员的邀功之举或奖金激励、职务升迁诱惑乃至发泄私愤的产物,以致业户不堪其累。陪都粮政密查队是战时统制经济背景下经济政策逐渐收紧的行政手段,这一举措失去有效监督,终变成病民害民的工具。

After its establishment in July 1941,the Grain Ministry of the National Government took tough measures to impose a powerful control over the flour industry of Chongqing.In order to strengthen control and management,the Grain Ministry founded the Secret Investigation Team on the Grain Issue in April 1942,to conduct secret investigations on the widely scattered flour consumers and mills in Chongqing.It aimed to investigate the malpractices in the flour distribution of Chongqing,put forward handling suggestions and improve the management of flour.It should be mentioned that the Grain Ministry’s strengthening of wartime grain management was in tune with the needs of the times and the Secret Investigation Team played a certain corrective role.However,there were abuses of power in the enforcement of this measure.Over one third cases were conducted by the investigation team members either for the purpose of claiming credits or out of bonus stimulation,pursuing promotion,or even venting personal spites,which made many troubles for the people of Chongqing.Generally speaking,the establishment of the Secret Investigation Team was the tightening administrative measure took by the National Government in the context of wartime controlled economy,which would become the tool of harming people once losing effective supervision.