高考数学试卷中问题情境的比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Problem Situation in the Mathematics Test Paper of the College Entrance Examination

人工智能时代,教育教学的最终目的是发展学生的核心素养.能否科学地评价问题情境已经成为落实素养导向的教与学的关键.研究尝试从“复杂性水平”和“任务难度水平”2个维度以及“背景化水平”“知识与技能水平”“表征水平”“运算水平”和“认知水平”5个因素构建高考数学试卷中问题情境的评价框架,并选取2020—2022年的新高考I卷、2022年的浙江高考卷和2022年的上海高考卷共5套试卷进行比较与分析,由此得到关于高考数学试卷中问题情境设计的若干启示:植根于真实性,提高背景化水平;基于综合性,强化知识与技能的整合;立足于多样性,拓展混合表征的内容载体;体现开放性,培养数学创造性思维.

In the era of artificial intelligence,the ultimate goal of education and teaching is to develop students’core competencies,Whether the problem situation can be scientifically evaluated has become the key to the implementation of competency-oriented teaching and learning.This study attempts to construct a problem situation evaluation framework for the NMET math test paper from the two dimensions of“complexity level”and“task difficulty level”,as well as the five factors of“background level”,“knowledge and skill level”,“representation level”,“operation level”and“cognitive level”.Five sets of test papers are selected for comparison and analysis,including the new NMET I from 2020 to 2022,the Zhejiang NMET in 2022 and the Shanghai NMET in 2022.From this,we can get some enlightenment for the design of problem situations in the of college entrance examination papers:rooted in authenticity,improve the background level;Strengthen the integration of knowledge and skills based on comprehensiveness;based on diversity,expand the content carrier of mixed representation;and embodying openness and cultivating mathematical innovative thinking.