情境视角下高考数学试题分析及教学启示——以2023年高考数学全国卷为例

Analysis of Mathematics Exam Questions in the College Entrance Examination and Teaching Enlightenment from the Perspective of Context——Taking the 2023 National College Entrance Examination Mathematics Exam as an Example

情境是高考数学命题的三大要素(立意、情境、设问)之一,是实现高考数学评价的重要载体.以2023年4套高考数学全国卷试题(甲乙卷均以理科为例)为研究对象,分析真实情境的内涵,建构情境分析维度,基于此对高考数学试题进行分析,总结情境设置的特点:情境设计注重学科特点与学生认知相结合;情境设置助力考查学生知识迁移能力;情境设计和问题交互指向考查高阶思维能力.基于情境视角下的试题分析,得出相关教学启示与建议:高中数学教学中,需要关注教师素养提升,促进情境任务设计系统化;需要关注情境设计的科学性,注重学科特点与学生认知的统整;需要借助情境设计,促进学生惰性知识的激活.基于对高考试题的分析和教学启示,以期为高中数学教学实践提供借鉴与参考.

Situation is one of the three major elements of the college entrance examination mathematics proposition(intention,situation,and question setting),and it is an important carrier for achieving the mathematics evaluation of college entrance examination mathematics.Taking the four sets of national college entrance examination mathematics test questions in 2023(both A and B papers take science as examples)as the research instrument,the connotation of real situations is analyzed,and the dimension of situation analysis is constructed.Based on this,the college entrance examination mathematics questions are analyzed and summarize the characteristics of situational design:situational design emphasizes the combination of subject characteristics and student cognition;Context setting helps to test students’knowledge transfer ability;Situational design and problem interaction aim to test higher-order thinking abilities.Based on the analysis of test questions from a situational perspective,relevant teaching inspirations and suggestions are proposed:in high school mathematics teaching,it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of teacher literacy and promote the systematization of situational task design;We need to pay attention to the scientific nature of situational design,and pay attention to the integration of subject characteristics and student cognition;It is necessary to use situational design to promote the activation of students’inert knowledge.Based on the analysis of college entrance examination questions and teaching inspirations,it is hoped to provide reference for high school mathematics teaching practice.