马克思恩格斯关于历史文献重要论述的当代启示

The Contemporary Value of the Comments on Historical Document by Marx and Engels

马克思恩格斯虽然没有专门系统地论述过历史文献问题,但他们关于历史文献的重要论述十分丰富。马克思恩格斯指出,唯物史观是收集、整理和运用历史文献的一把"钥匙"。他们不仅重视历史文献的形式,而且重视历史文献的内容,尤其强调历史文献的社会主体性。只有这样,人们才能从本体论上科学、完整地把握历史文献的本质和特征。在认识历史文献的过程中,马克思恩格斯指出错误史观对认识历史文献的危害,概括了从认识历史文献到认识历史实际的辩证发展过程。在历史文献引用规范上,他们提出了历史文献引用的四原则,并通过驳斥西方资产阶级学者所谓的"捏造引文问题",牢牢确立了这些原则,至今对学界仍具有重要启示。

Historical document is not a central question in the works by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.Yet both have left ample and significant discussions about the topic.They have pointed out that historical materialism is key to collect,document and utilize historical documents.They attached much importance not only to the form but also to the content of historical documents.They discovered concrete methods,criticized the fallacies and harms resulted from faulty conceptions of history,and emphasized social subjectivity of historical documents and dialectical process of historical conceptualization.As to citation style,Marx and Engels rejected the so-called"false citation issue"raised by some bourgeoisie scholars,and established the principle of dialectical unity of form and content in citation,which is still illuminating for us.