全面抗战时期蒋介石评价的几个问题

A Historical Evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek’s Role During the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War

关于全面抗战时期蒋介石的评价颇为复杂。虽然蒋介石在抗战前期决心很大,但国民党军队在战场上的胜利屈指可数,在英美干预无果的情况下,蒋介石亦期望能同日本达成某种停战协议。不过,蒋介石进行谈判是有底线的,即日本必须尊重中国行政主权及领土完整。蒋介石的反共政策贯穿于抗战始终。他之所以同意实施第二次国共合作,实为西安事变和平解决、苏联对国民政府的军事援助以及期待苏联对日本宣战所致。太平洋战争爆发以后,作为政治领袖的蒋介石,由于缺乏国际视野,心胸过于狭窄,性格固执狂躁,因此面对错综复杂的国际关系,他没有足够的政治智慧与应付能力。他考虑更多的是国民党一己私利,因而积蓄实力,消极抗日,1944年国民党军队在豫湘桂战场的溃败,使得国际局势朝着不利于中国的方向发展。

The evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek during the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War is quite complicated.Though he showed abundant determination in the early stages of the War of Resistance,the GMD army only had few victories on the battle field.As the chance of British and American interventions diminished,Chiang hoped to reach a tentative truce with Japan.However,the negotiations initiated by him had a bottom line,that is,Japan must unequivocally respect China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.Chiang followed his anti-communist policy throughout the War of Resistance.He agreed to a second cooperation with the Communist Party for several reasons including the Peace Agreement of the Xi’an Incident,the assurance of military assistance from the Soviet Union to his Nationalist Government,and the high expectation that the Soviet Union would declare war on Japan.After the outbreak of the Pacific War,Chiang,though as a nationalist political leader,was short of a global vision for world politics.He was arrogant,tenacious on power,and overtly testy.He did not have the wisdom and good judgment to deal with wartime politics.He often prioritized his party’s interests,held back GMD forces,and chose a strategy focused on de-escalation on the battle field.The GMD army’s loss during the Operation Ichi-Go in 1944 was a turning point for the decline of China’s position in the international arena.