人力资本外部性是否促进了稳岗扩就业

Has Human Capital Externality Promoted the Stabilization and Expansion of Employment

利用中国家庭收入调查的城镇住户数据和外来务工住户数据,从就业密度、大学生比例、相对专业化和相对多样化四个溢出渠道,考察了城市人力资本外部性对稳岗扩就业的影响。研究发现:大学生比例渠道对稳岗扩就业存在显著的正向作用,城市大学生比例每提高1%,就业稳定性增加0.6525%,就业概率提升0.1225%。基于异质性的研究发现,低技能劳动力、城镇住户、男性的受益程度更大。此外,城市相对专业化与产业结构、相对多样化与城市规模的交互作用减弱了其对稳岗扩就业的影响。

Based on the data of urban households and migrant households from the China Household Income Projects,this paper examined the influence of urban human capital externality on the stabilization and expansion of employment from four spillover channels,that is,employment density,the proportion of college students,relative specialization and relative diversification.The results showed that the proportion of college students had a significant positive effect on the stabilization and expansion of employment.When the proportion of college students increased by 1%,the employment stability increased by 0.6525%and the employment probability increased by 0.1225%.Heterogeneity studies found that the benefits were greater for low-skilled workers,urban households and men.However,the interaction of city’s relative specialization and industrial structure,as well as the interaction of relative diversification and city size,had both weakened the effect on the stabilization and expansion of employment.