文化是如何影响消费的制度安排的?——消费认知与政策选择偏好的文化根源分析

How Does Culture Influence Systematic Arrangement of Consumption:An Analysis of Cultural Roots of Consumption Cognition and Policy Preferences

多年来,我国消费率和平均消费倾向偏低,居民消费在经济增长中的作用难以充分发挥。经济学界对此问题进行了深入的研究,但较少触及该问题的文化根源。从文化视角对此问题进行分析,本文认为:一方面,消费政策是基于国家对消费的认知而形成的,不同阶段的消费政策对应不同的消费认知;另一方面,国家的消费认知决定了消费政策的选择偏好。市场化改革以后,消费政策更多地呈现为增长型政策,而不是发展型政策。居民消费领域发展型政策的供给不足,是我国消费率和平均消费倾向偏低的原因。而消费认知和政策选择偏好的背后,均有着文化根源。本文对消费认知与政策选择偏好如何受文化影响进行了分析。

For many years,the consumption rate and average propensity to consume in China have been low,which has restricts the role played by household consumption in China's economic growth.Economists have researched this problem in depth,but rarely touched on their cultural roots.This paper is aimed to analyse this problem from a cultural perspective.It is argued that,one the one hand,consumption policies are formed based on the state's consumption cognition,and different consumption policies in different periods correspond to different consumption cognition;on the other hand,the state's consumption policies are made in terms of the state's consumption cognition.Since the reforms of marketization initiated in the early 1990s,consumption policies have tended to become growth-oriented policies,rather than development-oriented policies.The insufficient supply of developmentoriented policies in the area of household consumption is the major reason why China's consumption rate and average propensity to consume have been low.There are cultural roots of consumption rate and preferences for particular policies.These cultural roots are analyzed in details in this paper.