社会转型与知识生产——对改革以来中国“社会不平等”议题的知识社会学分析

Social Transition and Knowledge Production:A Study of Know⁃ledge Sociology on the Issue of China's“Social Inequality”Since the Reform

社会不平等是人类社会发展所面对的重大议题。本文从知识社会学角度,以中国社会转型为背景,对作为一种知识的“社会不平等”的生产、演化特征及其变迁机制进行分析。基于对中国知网文献库(CNKI 1979—2016)中与不平等相关的文献进行主题模型训练,本文提炼出了“政治身份地位不平等”与“社会资源分配不平等”两类在研究议题与分析话语方面截然不同的知识型,并发现:国内学界关于“社会不平等”知识的生产存在一定的时空演化特征,伴随改革的深入,“社会资源分配不平等”知识型逐渐成为关注的重心。进一步结合宏观社会经济数据的时间序列分析表明,现实社会不平等状况的变迁和学术共同体的发展是影响转型期“社会不平等”知识生产与演化的外在与内在双重机制:前者构成了相关知识生产的现实需求、感知基础与经验素材,后者则为相关知识生产提供了组织支持、专业引导及制度激励。

Social inequality is a key issue of human society.From the perspective of knowledge sociology,this paper analyses the evolutionary trajectory of“social inequality”as a knowledge in the context of transitional China.Based on the topic modelling of literature related to inequality in the CNKI database(1979⁃2016),this paper identify two categories of inequality episteme:the“inequality of political identity”and the“inequality of social resources”,which vary distinctly in terms of research topics and analytic discourse.Meanwhile,the production of knowledge on“social inequality”in domestic academic circles has its temporal and spatial characteristics.With the deepening of the Reform,the“inequality of social resources”episteme has gradually become the mainstream of inequality studies.Besides,the time series analysis of macroeconomic data shows that the changing of actual inequality status and the development of academic community are the dual mechanisms of the production and evolution of“social inequality”knowledge during the transition period:the former constitutes the actual needs,perception base and empirical materials of the relevant knowledge production,while the latter provides organizational support,professional guidance and institutional incentives for related knowledge production.