在个人与社会之间:《敕勒川年华》叙事的社会学分析

Between the Individual and Society:A Sociological Analysis of the Narrative in The Years in Chi Le Plains

自传体小说《敕勒川年华》包括三个彼此关联的主题:知青的使命感、忏悔记忆以及社会主体性的凸显。知青的述说不再呈“自我中心主义”,在“他者”视角的观照下,“知青苦难说”弱化。知青的“忏悔”也是在清理一部分社会和文化的痼疾,以及某部分深层自我;通过讲述罪责,知青个体获得清明。对他者主体性的承认和尊重,也成就了知青个体的人格。“他者主体性”是主体视角下的社会和文化,并不是外在的纯粹客体;它需要经由主体的“体认”。对于“个体如何适应社会”的问题,尤其需要关注个体的“体认”过程。唯有立足于此,个体人格才会在社会和个体之间取得一种平衡,从而在个体修养和社会教育之间找到恰当的切入点。

The autobiographical novel The Years in Chi Le Plains presents three interrelated themes:the sense of mission of the educated youths,the memory of confession,and the prominence of social subjectivity.The educated youths'narration is no longer“egocentric”,instead,their suffering is weakening from the perspective of the“other”.Their confession functions to clear a part of the social and cultural ills as well as a certain part of the deep self;by telling the guilt,the individual educated youth gains clarity.Recognition and respect for the subjectivity of the other has also made the personality of the individual educated youth.The“subjectivity of the other”is the society and culture from the subject's perspective,not an external pure object;it needs to be“recognized”by the subject.Regarding the question of“how an individual adapts to society”,it is especially necessary to pay attention to the process of individual“recognition”.Only based on this can individual personality strike a balance between society and individual,and thus find an appropriate entry point between personal self⁃cultivation and social education.