增强技术控制权——平台经济下外卖骑手的劳动过程研究

Enhancing Control over Technology:A Labor Process Analysis of the Food-Delivery Workers in the Platform Economy

聚焦平台经济下外卖骑手的劳动过程,本研究发现,资方隐匿在技术系统的背后,制定平台管理规则,并重点设置了智能派单、数据监控和惩罚制度三大管理规则。同时,资方能够针对骑手的劳动实践调整管理规则。而骑手在直接与技术系统互动过程中,发展出碎片化的系统想象、合作跑单和寻求多方共谋的三重劳动实践,试图以此增强自身的技术控制权,修正技术机制,争取符合自身劳动预期的自主空间。但从实际结果来看,骑手们更深地卷入到自身积极创造出的更为苛刻和高度竞争的劳动规则之中。本文指出,骑手在劳动过程中并未改变资方基于数字技术设置的劳动管理规则,而是陷入与技术系统无穷的博弈过程,被迫发展出“能力至上”的劳动意识,甘愿忍受劳动风险并努力提高劳动效率,在无意间与资方利益达成了一致。

Focusing on the labor process of the take-out delivery workers in the platform economy,the capital hides behind the platform and makes three critical management rules including intelligent order distribution,data control and punishment rules.Meanwhile,the riders develop three types of strategies consisting of fragmented system imagination,team cooperation and multilateral collusion,thus attempting to enhance their control over technology and expand their own technological autonomy.Notwithstanding,the riders actually are trapped in a more rigid and highly competitive labor rule which has been created by themselves.In the labor process,unable to change the strict management rules made by the capital based on the digital technology,riders find themselves plunged into a game in which they have to fight against the technology system and are forced to shape the belief of“ability first”.They are willing to endure potential labor risks and improve working efficiency,thus spontaneously meeting the demand of the platform capital.