城镇化与村治变迁——地方政府创新的内生视角

Urbanization and Evolution of Village Governance:An Endogenous Perspective of Local Government Policy Innovation

村治在城镇化过程中如何变迁?村治中的三要素——农民、土地、村庄——是如何通过地方政府创新被转变成为居民、建筑和城镇的?现有研究注意到了城镇化的多元动力,但近期较多的研究聚焦在中央地方关系视角,关注地方政府如何策略性地应对中央政府的城镇化政策;但对于城镇化过程中的制度实践,整体上缺乏地方政府政策创新的内生视角。本研究以珠三角顺德为例,梳理该案例的城镇化历程,重点讨论该地在30多年发展中的制度选择和不断演化的本地政策创新。研究发现,顺德在土地股份化、村庄城镇化、村民居民化三个方面进行连续的政策创新。地方政府政策创新一方面可能为全国性的政策推广提供试点经验,另一方面更重要的是地方政府应对单一体制下地方差异问题的主动实践。

How does village governance evolve in the process of urbanization?How are villagers,land,and villages changed into urban residents,buildings,and cities?Existing literature has studied varied dynamics of urbanization.However,most recent literature is focused on the relation between the central and local governments and policy implementation by local governments.Regarding the institutional practice in the process of urbanization,on the whole,there is a lack of endogenous perspectives of local government policy innovation.This study takes Shunde in the Pearl River Delta as a case to sort out the urbanization process,focusing on the choice of institutions and the evolving local policy innovations in the development of more than 30 years.Shunde has carried out continuous policy innovations in three aspects:land demutualization,village urbanization,and turning villagers into townspeople.The local government policy innovation,on the one hand,may provide experience for national policy promotion.On the other hand,and more importantly,it is the active practice of local governments to deal with local differences under a single system.