Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Radiation Impairs Learning and Memory via Synbindin: Molecular Basis and Underlying Mechanism

Human beings are usually exposed to microwaves originated from the equipment in industry,communication,military,and aerospace,which has led to interest in health effects of long-term low level microwave radiation exposure,particularly on the brain,one of the most sensitive organs to microwaves[1].Morris water maze,oxidative stress related typical markers of corticosteroids(CORT),malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and total antioxidant capacity(TAOC),ultrastructure,dendritic spine growth and molecular signaling pathway are important indicators in the study of learning and memory effects[2].Among them,Synbindin(Sbdn),closely associated to dendritic spine growth,learning and memory,was found to be a remarkable microwave sensitive molecule in our previous work[3]..Additionally,it’s well known that both the CA1 and Dentate Gyrus(DG)regions of the hippocampus are involved in learning and memory,however studies on the effect of microwave on DG region were less,so,this paper further focused on DG region in the study of dendrite spine,ultrastructure of neurons and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase(pERK)protein expression.Therefore,Synbindin was focused on and the above indicators were integrated in this paper to study the influence and mechanism of long-term low-intensity 2,100 MHz microwave on learning and memory.