袁氏复辟与黑幕奇观:民国初年黑幕小说的兴衰

Yuan’s Restoration and Shady Spectacle:The Rise and Fall of Shady Novels in the Early Years of the Republic of China

1916年6月6日,袁世凯于北京去世,此时的上海迅速掀起一股“黑幕小说”的写作热潮,这二者之间有着千丝万缕的联系。在民国初年南北对峙的时代氛围中,上海文化与舆论界对袁世凯政府普遍缺少认同感,袁氏复辟的失败使得上海发达的报业市场找到了新的“卖点”,在混乱的时局与商业利益的驱动下,“黑幕小说”迅速风行。1918年隶属于教育部的“通俗教育研究会”对上海的黑幕小说作者发出了劝告函,成为“黑幕小说”由盛而衰的转折点。与此同时,《新青年》同人也加紧对黑幕小说的批判,“黑幕小说”的泛滥之势遂得到有效遏制。

On June 6,1916,Yuan Shikai died in Beijing with an unfinished dream of imperialism.However,Shanghai quickly developed a wave of writing“shadow novels”.The two are inextricably linked.In the atmosphere of the north-south confrontation in the early Republic of China,Shanghai's cultural and public opinion circles generally lacked a sense of identity with the Beiyang government.The failure of Yuan's restoration made Shanghai's developed newspaper market find a new“selling point”.Driven by commercial interests,“shadow novels”quickly became popular.In 1918,the“Popular Education Research Association”under the Ministry of Education issued an advisory letter to the authors of shady novels in Shanghai,which became a turning point for the rise and decline of shady novels.The proliferation of“shadow novels”was effectively curbed.