罪与耻:日本原爆幸存者的离弃创伤

Death Guilt and Shame:The Abandonment Trauma of Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors

很多在日本原子弹爆炸事件中幸存下来的人,都有为了自我生存而不得已抛弃他人的经历,这让他们在原爆后产生了浓厚的"罪意识"。这类"离弃经历"不仅发生在亲友之间,也发生在幸存者与陌生求助者之间。这种在极端事件中无法救助他人的经历,让幸存者永久地背负着心理创伤的痛苦。幸存者认为,正是遇难者的代替性死亡,才使自己获得了生存的机会。战后,部分原爆幸存者通过赎罪或其他补偿方式得到了一定程度的治疗。这种"罪意识"也从内部支撑着幸存者,成为他们克服原爆冲击得以重生的机会。

Many people who survived the atomic bombing in Japan had to abandon others for their own survival at that time,and developed a strong“death guilt”in the later period.This kind of“abandonment”occured not only among relatives and friends related to survivors,but also among strangers who had nothing to do with survivors.People who have experienced such situations suffer from psychological trauma because they could’t help others in extreme events.Survivors have thought that it was the substitute death of the victims,which gave them a chance to survive.After the war,some survivors were treated to a certain extent by atonement or other compensation methods.In a sense,this kind of“death guilt”can transform from internal support to the thought of resisting the atomic bombing,and become an opportunity for them to overcome the trauma and regenerate.