论口传文学的表演性

表演性是口传文学的特征之一。口传文学的流传主要有民间口传、首领影响、官方机构三种形式,这三种形式都与表演紧密结合在一起。表演性在口传表达向文本表述的转化过程中被弱化了,文学从以行动表演为中心的综合艺术形式嬗变为以文字符号为主的表意形象体系。这一转变不只是文学传播方式的转变,还是语言风格、文体风格以及文学内涵的转变。口语理论、程式化理论以及民族志理论为口传文学的理解、传承以及创编提供了新的视野,为进一步研究口传文学提供了坚实的理论基础。

Performativity is one of the characteristics of oral literature.The spread of oral literature mainly includes three forms:folk oral transmission,the influence of chieftains and official institutions,which are closely combined with performance.Performativity was weakened in the process of the transformation from oral expression to written expression,and literature changed from a comprehensive art form centered on action performance to an ideographic image system centered on words and symbols.This change is not only the change of literary communication mode,but also the change of language style,literary style and literature connotation.Oral language theory,stylized theory and ethnography theory provide a new vision for the understanding,inheritance and creation of oral literature,and provide a solid theoretical basis for the further study of oral literature.