社会工作实践智慧——一个“信息加工”的问题解决模型

Practical Wisdom of Social Work:A Theoretical Model for Problem Solving of“Information Processing”

社会工作实践智慧是社会工作后现代复杂性实践与反思性实践的研究重点。德鲁斯基于西蒙的“有限理性原理”、坎贝尔的“进化认识论”以及舍恩的反思性实践研究,提出了整合取向的社会工作实践智慧模型,但是其理论模型依然存在内部运作机制模糊、结果分析存在选择性不足的问题。本文基于德鲁斯社会工作实践智慧模型的研究局限,进一步从认知科学角度发展出了社会工作实践智慧“信息加工”问题解决模型:首先,在问题解决信息加工范式下的“通用问题解决程序”基础上,提出了四阶段“通用社会工作实践问题解决程序”;其次,基于该程序拓展了德鲁斯模型中的“行动中认识”与“行动中反思”,并辨析了实践问题解决过程中两者之间可能的四种组合形式及其与社会工作实践智慧之间的关系;最后,运用农村社会工作实务的实证研究进一步阐释了新的理论模型。社会工作实践智慧“信息加工”问题解决模型的提出,有助于进一步理解与促进后现代专业实践中社会工作实践智慧的生产与再生产。

The practical wisdom of social work is the research focus of postmodern complexity practice and reflective practice.Based on Simon's“Bounded rationality principle”,Campbell's“evolutionary epistemology”and Schoen's reflective practical research,Druss proposed an integrated oriented practical wisdom model of social work,but its theoretical model still has the shortcomings of fuzzy internal operating mechanism and selective results analysis.Based on the research limitations of Druss'practical wisdom model of social work,this paper further develops the“information processing”problem-solving model of practical wisdom of social work from the perspective of Cognitive science:first,based on the“general problem-solving procedure”under the information processing paradigm of problem-solving,it proposes a four stage“general social work practical problem-solving procedure”;Secondly,based on this program,the“cognition in action”and“reflection in action”in the Druse model were expanded,and four possible combinations of the two in the process of practical problem-solving were analyzed,as well as their relationship with practical wisdom in social work;Finally,empirical research using rural social work practices further elucidated the new theoretical model.The proposal of the“information processing”problem-solving model for social work practical wisdom helps to further understand and promote the production and reproduction of social work practical wisdom in postmodern professional practice.