microRNA在植物生长发育中的研究进展

Research Progress of microRNA in Plant Development

microRNA(miRNA)是一类广泛存在于植物体内,长约20-25个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过定向降解靶基因mRNA和抑制其翻译,从而在转录后水平控制靶向基因的表达来调控多种多样的生物功能,包括植物的生长发育、生殖和对逆境胁迫的响应。已有的研究表明,miRNA及其靶基因不仅在植物的时序转换中是一个关键调控因子,也在茎尖发育、叶形态建成、花器官发育和开花时间等过程中发挥着重要调控作用。重点介绍mi RNA在调控植物生长发育过程以及发育可塑性过程中的研究进展,并对植物miRNA研究中有待进一步阐明的问题进行了探讨和展望,以期为深入解析miRNA在调节植物组织和器官模式中的功能,以及植物形态多样性中的作用和分子调控网络提供参考。

microRNA(miRNA)is a type of endogenous non-coding small RNA that is widely present in plants and is about 20-25 nucleotides long.By degrading the target gene mRNA and inhibiting its translation,the expression of the targeted gene is controlled at the posttranscriptional level and thus a variety of biological functions,including plant growth and development,reproduction and stress response,were regulated.Previous studies have shown that miRNA and its target genes are not only a key regulator in plant timing transformation,but also play an important regulatory role in shoot tip development,leaf morphogenesis,floral organ development and flowering time.This review focuses on the latest research progress of miRNAs in regulating plant growth and development and developmental plasticity,and explores and prospects the need-to-be clarified issues in the studies of plant miRNAs,aiming to provide a reference for deeply analyzing miRNAs in regulating plant tissues and organ patterns,and the role of them in plant morphological diversity and molecular regulatory networks.