中国航海博物馆藏外销通草船画初识

A Study of Boat Paintings on Pith Paper Collected by China Maritime Museum

作为清代外销商品的通草画,其绘制内容与其他材质外销水彩画有天然近缘关系,这也使通过有名题具或有名录可查的外销纸质水彩画来考察无名通草画内容成为可能。中国航海博物馆藏船舶通草画所绘船型是清代广州珠江的常见船型,有西瓜扁、捕盗米艇、桨艇、谷船、鸭艇、乌艚船、西南谷船、低仓艇、龙舟、行尾艇、大官座船、戏船、外江运粮船、沙姑、舢板、夜渡船、撒网艇、白艚船等,反映出广州地区船式繁多、命名灵活多样的特点。现有藏品显示,通草片的大小决定了通草画构图细致程度、真实还原度乃至价格,同主题小版本通草画是大通草画的简化版,而大通草画内涵并不逊色于纸本水彩画,这也要求研究中要具体而论。

Export watercolor paintings on pith paper of the Qing Dynasty had a natural relationship with export ones on other materials,which makes it possible to examine the cotent of nameless paintings on pith paper through ones with famous inscriptions or listed references.The ship types presented by boat paintings on pith paper collected by China Maritime Museum are common type of the Pearl River in Guangzhou section in the Qing Dynasty,including watermelon flat boats,patrol rice boats,oar boats,rice boats,duck boats,black boats,southwest rice boats,low warehouse boats,dragon boats,tail boats,big official seat boats,theater boats,grain boats from the outer river,madam Sha-gu boats,sampans,night ferries,net boats,white boats,etc.,reflecting variety of ship type and flexible naming in Guangzhou areas.The existing collections show that the size of pith paper determines the composition,restoration,and even price of paintings.In addition,the small version of the same theme is a simplified version of the big one,and the connotation of paintings on pith paper is not inferior to watercolor painting.Thus the study on paintings on pith paper needs more specific discussion.