食用菌多糖的提取纯化及生物活性研究进展

Advances in Extraction,Purification and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Edible Fungi

食用菌多糖因具有抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂等生物活性而备受关注。食用菌多糖的结构影响其生物活性,具有(1→3)、(1→4)、(1→6)及混合糖苷键的β-D-葡聚糖是高活性食用菌多糖的结构特征之一,展现出提高抗氧化酶活性、促进分泌抗癌因子、刺激脾脏和胸腺细胞增殖等不同功能。酸碱、超声波及微波、Sevag法、树脂法、亲和层析等不同提取纯化方法会影响食用菌多糖得率,同时会改变食用菌多糖结构,影响其生物活性。详述食用菌多糖的提取纯化方法及其对结构与活性的影响,食用菌多糖的组成结构和构效关系,以及食用菌多糖在抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖和降血脂等方面的功能、结构特征及生物活性,并提出了食用菌多糖形成的分子机制、多糖活性位点修饰、多糖代谢动力学等未来研究方向。

Edible fungi polysaccharides have attracted much attention because of their biological activities such as antioxidant,immune regulation,anti-tumor,and hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect.The structure of edible fungi polysaccharides affects their biological activityies and has the characteristics of(1→3),(1→4),and(1→6)and mixed glycosidic bondsβ-D-glucan is one of the structural characteristics of highly active edible fungi polysaccharides.It shows different functions,such as improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes,promoting the secretion of anticancer factors,and stimulating the proliferation of spleen and thymocytes.Different extraction and purification methods such as acid-base,ultrasonic and microwave,Sevag method,resin method and affinity chromatography will affect the yield of edible fungi polysaccharides,change their structure and affect their biological activities.The extraction and purification methods of edible fungi polysaccharides and their effects on structure and activity,the composition,structure and structure-activity relationship of edible fungi polysaccharides,as well as the functions,structural characteristics and biological activities of edible fungi polysaccharides in antioxidant,antitumor,immune regulation,hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic aspects were described in detail.The molecular mechanism of edible fungi polysaccharides formation,modification of polysaccharide active sites,polysaccharide metabolic kinetics and other future research directions were proposed.