新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)研究进展

Research Advances of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

2019年12月,湖北省武汉市暴发了一种由新型冠状病毒引起的肺炎(COVID-19)随后蔓延到中国所有省区以及多个国家和地区,WHO宣布其为全球关注的突发公共卫生事件。及时了解和表征该病毒对抗击疫情至关重要。通过收集和梳理该疫情暴发之后2个月内全球多领域研究人员关于COVID-19的论文,发现这些研究主要集中在溯源分析、检测手段、病患治疗、临床表现、药物研发、致病机理、传播途径、流行特征等方面。该冠状病毒与蝙蝠冠状病毒以及穿山甲冠状病毒相关,其利用与SARS-CoV相同的人受体ACE2,感染途径证实为呼吸系统和消化系统。该病毒具有人际传播能力,并且出现无症状传播。COVID-19确诊病例多数与武汉有关,大多数为轻症,年老者病死率较高。快速灵敏核酸检测通常作为确诊依据,目前已经筛选出有价值的候选药物如瑞德西韦进行临床试验。中国采取的旅行禁令和隔离等干预措施有效减轻了疫情蔓延。

In December 2019,Wuhan,Hubei Province,an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus(COVID-19)subsequently spread to all provinces and areas in China and many countries,that was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by WHO.It is important to understand and characterize the virus timely to fight with the epidemic.The papers on COVID-19 by the researchers from various fields around the world within two months after the outbreak were studied and found that these studies mainly focused on traceability analysis,detection methods,patient treatment,clinical manifestations,drug development,pathogenic mechanisms,transmission ways,epidemic characteristics.The coronavirus is closely related to bat coronavirus and pangolin coronavirus.It has the same human receptor ACE2 as SARS-CoV,and the infection pathway is confirmed to be the respiratory and digestive systems.The virus indicates person-to-person and asymptomatic transmission.Most of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 are related to Wuhan,and most cases are mild,the elderly have a higher mortality rate.Rapid and sensitive nucleic acid testing is usually used as a basis for diagnosis.Currently,valuable drug candidates such as remdesivir have been screened for clinical trials.Intervention measures such as travel bans and quarantine adopted have effectively reduced the spread of the epidemic.