河岸缓冲带对氮污染物削减作用研究进展

Nitrogen pollutant removal by riparian buffer zone: A review

氮(N)是水体的重要污染物之一。河岸缓冲带作为连接陆域和水域的生态纽带对N素去除效果显著,是有效控制N素向水体输出的重要途径。本文介绍了河岸带N素的迁移过程,从物理、化学及生物角度阐述了河岸带对N素的去除机理,归纳总结了河岸带对N素的去除效率、影响因素和研究手段。指出不同N素去除途径下N素去除效率的主要影响因素不同,植被结构、土壤渗透和持水特征、河岸宽度和坡度是通过影响物理作用去除N素的主导因素,植被类型、季节动态、植物生长发育是通过影响植物吸收去除N素的主导因素,土壤温度、有机碳含量、pH、硝态氮含量、氧含量是通过影响反硝化作用去除N素的主导因素。最后分析了当前研究中存在的问题,并提出了研究展望及今后研究重点。

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most important pollutants in water.Riparian buffer zone,an ecological zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,performs excellently in removing N pollutants and thus is an effective way to control N output to water.Here,we introduced the process of N migration in riparian zone.The removal mechanisms of N by riparian buffer zone were elucidated from the perspective of physical,chemical and biological processes.We summarized research methods,removal efficiency and influencing factors of N reduction by riparian zone.Vegetation structure,soil permeability,and water holding characteristics,riverbank width and slope were the main factors affecting N removal by physical processes.Vegetation type,seasonal dynamics,and plant growth were the factors affecting N removal by plant assimilation.Soil temperature,organic carbon content,pH,nitrate and oxygen content contents were the main factors affecting N removal by denitrification.Finally,the problems in the current research and the future application were discussed.