气候变暖对土壤动物群落结构的影响机制

Research progresses in effects of climate warming on soil fauna community structure

目前全球处在平均气温变暖状况中,并且已经对全球范围内的生态系统带来了深远影响。土壤动物是陆地生态系统中最为丰富的生物组分之一,在环境指征和生物地球化学循环等方面起着重要的作用。研究表明,气候变暖对土壤动物群落结构具有影响,但对其影响机制缺乏系统总结。基于此,本文总结了近年来国内外的相关研究,指出气候变暖主要通过影响土壤动物的生长发育和生殖状况、生境环境条件、食源和食物网结构等方面,进而对土壤动物的群落结构产生影响。未来在研究区域上应更加关注气候变暖敏感区,研究方法上应进行长期的野外观测,探索新型获取土壤动物的方法并综合应用同位素和高通量测序等研究手段,在机理研究中应更加关注功能性状分析,研究内容上加强气候变暖对土壤动物生态功能影响的研究并综合考虑全球变化中其他因素的影响。

The global average temperature is continuously becoming warming,with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems.As one of the most abundant biological components in terrestrial ecosystems,soil fauna plays a vital role in environmental indications and biogeochemical cycles.Numerous studies have shown that climate warming has profound effects on soil fauna community structure,though the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This review summarized research progress and proposed that climate warming would affect soil fauna community structure through changing the growth,development and reproduction of soil fauna;the habitats and environments;food resources;and food web structures.Furthermore,we proposed that the following prospects should be paid more attention in future studies:(1)sensitive areas to climate change;(2)long-term field observations;(3)new sampling techniques for soil fauna;(4)applications of isotopic and high-throughput sequencing approaches;(5)analysis of functional traits of soil fauna;(6)potential effects of climate warming on the ecological function of soil fauna.