深圳城市生态大数据智慧管理和服务平台技术集成与应用研究

Integration and application research of smart management and service platform for Shenzhen urban ecological big data

生态环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,城市生态大数据智慧管理和服务平台建设是生态城市和美丽城市建设的需要。以深圳市为例,借助物联网、移动互联网、计算机、数据库和网络地理信息系统技术,以及时空地理大数据整合和共享、大数据挖掘分析和云端一体化业务协同等关键技术,结合城市生态系统评估分析决策模型/方法/对策库,在实现深圳市“空-地-网-统计-众源”等多源异构生态大数据有效集成的基础上,搭建了“数据采集-信息提取-知识发现-决策生成-快速服务”全流程、一体化的深圳市生态大数据智慧管理和服务平台,构建了面向业务部门和科研人员等专业用户的生态野外数据调查采集系统和城市生态监测与评估管理决策分析系统,以及面向社会大众的深圳生态大调查APP。平台首次揭示了深圳市1979年以来不同生态系统的格局、构成、过程、服务和健康状况的变化,提升了深圳市生态环境综合决策科学化、生态环境监管精准化、生态环境公共服务便民化水平。平台有效降低了用户数据收集与处理和操作专业模型的难度,突破了原始数据应用的瓶颈和难点,提高了专业模型在业务部门中的使用率。未来,依靠“生态大数据+生态专业模型”的技术方案实现从数据到知识的挖掘,是实现城市生态大数据智慧化和专业化管理的关键,也是全面提高城市生态环境保护信息化服务水平的重要途径。

Ecological environment is the foundation for human survival and development,and the construction of big data smart management and service platform for the urban ecological environment is a requirement for the construction of ecological cities and beautiful cities.This paper takes Shenzhen City as an example,with the help of the internet of things technology,mobile Internet,computer technology,database technology,Web Geographic Information System service technology(WebGIS),as well as key technologies such as spatio-temporal and geographic big data integration and sharing,big data mining and analysis,and cloud-integrated business collaboration technologies,combined with urban ecosystem assessment analysis decision model/method/countermeasure library.Based on the effective integration of Shenzhen′s multi-source heterogeneous ecological big data such as"space,ground,Net,Statistics,Crowd Sources",we built an ecological field data survey collection system and an urban ecological monitoring and evaluation management decision-making analysis system for professional users such as business departments and scientific researchers,as well as a Shenzhen city ecological survey APP for the general public.We realized the whole process and integrated a value-based technology system for ecological big data of"data collection,information extraction,knowledge mining,decision generation,fast service",and built a smart management and service platform for Shenzhen′s ecological big data.The platform revealed the changes in the pattern,composition,process,service,and health of different ecosystems in Shenzhen since 1979 for the first time.It has improved the scientific and comprehensive decision-making of the ecological environment in Shenzhen city,the precision of the ecological environment supervision,and the convenience of public services for the ecological environment.The platform effectively reduced the difficulty of user data collection and processing,and the difficulty of professional model operation,so could break through the bottlenecks and difficulties of original data application,and increase the use rate of professional models in business departments.The platform is no longer the simple display of raw data and monitoring data but is the full mining and rapid service of implicit,previously unknown,and potentially valuable information or knowledge in Shenzhen′s ecological big data.In the future,the evolution of technical solutions from mining data to knowledge based on"ecological environment big data and ecological professional model"is the crucial element to manage ecological big data in urban areas more smartly and professionally,and it is also important to comprehensively improve the level of urban ecological environmental protection informatization services way.