数字资本主义下的价值生产、度量与分配——对“价值规律失效论”的批判

The Production, Measurement and Distribution of Value under Digital Capitalism——Critique of “Failure of Law of Value”

西方马克思主义学者以"非物质劳动""受众劳动""产消者劳动"等为核心范畴,阐释Web2.0时代在线生产和消费活动的价值创造与数字资本利润来源问题。通过对数字资本主义生产过程的分析,西方马克思主义学者得出当代资本主义生产已经呈现整体"新颖性"的判断;依据数字资本主义生产所具有的特殊成本结构、生产时间和生活时间的日益模糊化以及数字资本主义下有酬劳动与无酬劳动界限消失等新特点,西方马克思主义学者得出价值规律在"数字产消"时代已经失效的结论。然而,一旦将数字劳动及其结果置于"资本主义直接生产过程""固定资本积累规律""生产劳动与非生产劳动分类"等马克思的分析框架就会发现,数字资本的辉煌成就应该理解为创新的剩余价值占有或分配模式,而不是新的剩余价值创造方法,价值规律失效的结论及其依据是对马克思劳动价值论的误读或误解。尽管数字资本主义生产方式在部分地消解价值规律的作用,但价值规律作为调节全球资本主义生产的总原则在当代仍然有效。

Western Marxist scholars take"immaterial labor,""audience labor,"and"prosumer labor"as the core categories to explain the problem of value creation of the online production and consumption activities and the source of profit of digital capital in the Web 2.0 era.By analyzing the production process of digital capitalism,western Marxist scholars have come to the conclusion that contemporary capitalist production has taken on an overall"novelty";and based on the new characteristics of digital capitalist production such as the special cost structure,the increasing blurring of production time and living time,and the disappearance of the boundaries between paid and unpaid labor under digital capitalism,western Marxist scholars conclude that the law of value has failed in the era of"digital production and consumption".However,once digital labor and its results are placed in the Marxian analytical framework of"direct capitalist production process,""law of fixed capital accumulation,""classification of productive and unproductive labor,"etc.,it is clear that the brilliant achievements of digital capital are best understood as innovative modes of surplus value possession or distribution rather than new methods of surplus value creation.And the conclusion that the law of value fails and the basis of such a conclusion is a misreading or misinterpretation of Marx’s labor theory of value.Although the digital capitalist mode of production is partially dissipating the role of the law of value,the law of value remains valid in contemporary times as the general principle regulating global capitalist production.