饮食类国家级非遗代表性项目的空间分异特征及其影响因素

Spatial differentiation characteristics of the national-level intangible cultural heritage items of food and their influencing factors

“食”是旅游目的地特殊吸引物类型之一和必不可少的旅游接待服务。本研究以169项饮食类国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目为数据源,运用地理空间方法分析其空间特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)饮食类国家级非遗空间上总体呈“南多北少、东多西少”的“集聚型”格局,北京、四川、山西、浙江等省域集聚程度高。(2)饮食类国家级非遗类型分布特征差异明显,茶类主要分布于苏浙皖地区,酒类以川黔地区、京冀地区及苏浙地区为主要分布区,粉面食类则在浙江及两广地区、“甘东-宁南-陕晋-京津冀”带形成集聚,酱料调味类主要分布在川渝黔地区和晋东地区,菜肴类集中展布于京津冀地区,甜品小吃类集中分布在长三角地区、京冀以北、粤西南等地区。(3)自然地理环境因素通过影响作物的天然分布间接作用饮食类国家级非遗的形成,国家级非遗传承人、旅游发展及文化事业财政支持是影响饮食类国家级非遗空间分异的主要人文地理环境因素,历史文化因素为非遗的传承与集聚提供了良好的文化生态系统保障。研究可为饮食类国家级非遗的保护传承和文旅深度融合发展提供学理参考。

“Food”is one of the special types of attraction at tourist destinations and an essential part of tourist reception service.In this study,169 representative national-level intangible cultural heritage items of food were used as data sources,and geospatial analysis method was applied to analyze their spatial characteristics and influencing factors.The study shows that:(1)the national-level intangible cultural heritage items of food show a spatial pattern of“clustering”,and the spatial pattern was“more in the south and less in the north,more in the east and less in the west”,with a high degree of clustering in Beijing,Sichuan,Shanxi and Zhejiang.(2)There are significant differences in the distribution of national-level intangible cultural heritage items of food.Tea is mainly distributed in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui regions.Wine is mainly distributed in Sichuan-Guizhou region,Beijing-Hebei region and Jiangsu-Zhejiang region.Flour and pasta are clustered in Zhejiang and Guangxi-Guangdong region,and in the belt of Eastern Gansu,Southern Ningxia,Shaanxi and Shanxi,and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Sichuan-Chongqing-Guizhou region and Eastern Shanxi region are the main distribution areas of sauces and spices.Dishes are mainly distributed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Dessert and snacks are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta,the north of Beijing-Hebei,southwest of Guangdong and other regions.(3)Natural geographical environment factors indirectly affect the formation of national-level intangible cultural heritage items of food by affecting the natural distribution of crops,national intangible cultural heritage inheritors;tourism development and cultural financial support are the main human geographical environment factors affecting the spatial differentiation of national intangible cultural heritage items of food;and historical and cultural factors provide a good cultural ecosystem for the inheritance and agglomeration of intangible cultural heritage.The study contributes theoretically to the protection and inheritance of national-level intangible cultural heritage items of food and the deep integration and development of culture and tourism.