数字经济对文旅就业的影响效应和机制

The effect and mechanism of the digital economy on cultural&tourism employment

就业作为经济发展的重要驱动力和社会稳定的关键因素,其重要性在数字经济时代尤为凸显。数字经济加速了文旅产业的数字化转型,不断催生出新的就业形态和灵活的就业方式。文章从理论与实证角度分析了数字经济发展对文旅就业规模和结构的影响机制。研究表明:(1)数字经济发展对文旅就业的创造效应要大于替代效应。(2)数字经济不仅通过提升文旅市场吸引力扩大文旅就业规模,而且促使数字技能和人力资本含量更高的文旅就业人员比例增加,进而提高文旅劳动力市场匹配率,促进文旅就业结构的优化。(3)数字经济的不同层面对文旅就业规模的作用存在差异,数字基础层影响最为突出,数字应用层次之,数字技术层最小。(4)就数字经济对不同发展阶段地区和技能群体的影响差异而言,数字经济的发展有利于优化数字经济发展水平较低地区和低技能群体的文旅就业结构。研究有助于深化数字经济与文旅就业内在关系的认识,更好地推进文旅高质量发展。

Employment is the first priority of the livelihood projects.The digital economy has accelerated the digital transformation of the cultural&tourism industry,which has continuously generated new employment forms and flexible employment methods.This paper analyzes the mechanism by which the digital economic development affects the scale and structure of cultural&tourism employment from the theoretical and empirical perspectives.The results show that:(1)the creation effect of digital economic development is greater than the substitution effect of that on cultural&tourism employment;(2)the digital economy not only expands the scale of cultural&tourism employment by enhancing the attractiveness of the cultural&tourism market,but also prompts an increase in the proportion of cultural&tourism employees with higher digital skills and human capital content,which in turn improves the matching rate of the cultural&tourism labor market and promotes the optimization of the cultural&tourism employment structure;(3)there are differences in the effects generated by different levels of the digital economy on the scale of cultural&tourism employment,with the greatest impact of the digital foundation layer,the less impact of the digital application layer,and the least impact of digital technology layer;(4)in terms of the differences in the effects of the digital economy on regions and skill groups at different stages of development,the development of the digital economy is conducive to the optimization of the cultural&tourism employment structure in regions with low digital economic development level and low-skilled groups.This research helps to deepen the understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the digital economy and cultural&tourism employment,and better promote the high-quality development of culture&tourism.