西北五省滑雪场空间分异特征及其影响因素研究

Research on the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of ski resorts in the five provinces of Northwest China

西北五省区冰雪资源丰富、冰雪运动历史悠久、冰雪文化厚重,具备优越的冰雪旅游资源条件和发展基础。本文以2019年西北五省区125个滑雪场为研究对象,运用最邻近指数、核密度、空间自相关、热点分析和不均衡指数等方法,分析滑雪场空间布局分异及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)西北五省区滑雪场呈"双核心、集聚化"的空间格局特性,2个高密度区域分别为陕西中部和新疆北部地区;空间自相关性较明显,冷热点分布呈现"西北和东南热,中部区域较冷"的非随机性分布特点。(2)西北五省区滑雪场分布受多种因素影响,供给维度的核心影响因素是冰雪资源禀赋条件、交通可达性基础,消费维度的核心影响因素是社会经济发展水平、城市辐射与消费市场。据此建议西北五省区应以中国冰雪旅游新发展极为战略目标,构建"多点连片"空间发展结构,放大核心资源综合利用效率,建造多要素融合发展新模式,强化区域协作与联动发展,塑造国际化冰雪旅游品牌。

The five provinces in Northwest China are rich in ice and snow resources.They have a long history of ice and snow sports and culture,as well as superior ice and snow tourism resources and development foundations.Taking 125 ski resorts in the five provinces of Northwest China in 2019 as the research objects,this paper reveals the spatial differentiation characteristics of ski resorts in the study area from the perspectives of spatial distribution density,regional differentiation characteristics,and spatial autocorrelation by using geographical research methods such as nearest neighbor index,nuclear density,spatial autocorrelation,hot spot analysis,and imbalance index in ArcGIS 10.8.Based on the two dimensions of supply and consumption,this paper analyzes its influencing factors and discusses the future development strategies.The research shows that:(1)The ski resorts in the five provinces of Northwest China show the characteristics of"double core and agglomeration"the two high-density regions are central Shaanxi and northern Xinjiang respectively.The spatial autocorrelation is obvious,and the distribution of cold and hot spots shows the nonrandom distribution characteristics of"hot in Northwest and Southeast,cold in central region".(2)The distribution of ski resorts in the five provinces of Northwest China is affected by many factors.The core influencing factors are the supply factors represented by the endowment conditions of ice and snow resources and the basis of traffic accessibility,and the consumption factors represented by the level of regional economic development,urban radiation,and consumption market.Therefore,it is suggested that the five provinces in Northwest China should take the new development of China’s ice and snow tourism as strategic goal,build a"multi-point continuous"spatial development structure,enlarge the comprehensive utilization efficiency of core resources,build a new model of multi-factor integrated development,strengthen regional cooperation and linkage development,and shape an international ice and snow tourism brand.