中国传统村落文化生态研究进展与展望

Research review and future prospect in the cultural ecology of traditional villages in China

快速工业化、城镇化、信息化和全球化带来了技术进步和不可逆转的环境变化,传统村落转型发展势不可挡。如何在保存和延续自身文化基因的同时,又能重构文化生态以适应新环境变化,避免产生多元化文化生态失衡问题,是新时期传统村落保护与利用研究的核心任务。基于此,本文采用文献分析法,在中国知网和Web of Science数据库检索中国传统村落文化生态研究相关文献,结合国家文化生态保护区的制度与实践,从文化和生态系统耦合的视角,全面梳理传统村落文化生态概念体系,深化和完善传统村落文化生态适应性内涵、文化生态系统演进过程、文化生态平衡调控和文化生态适应性管理等核心内容,在此基础上提出提炼传统村落文化特质与文化核心的思路、评价传统村落文化生态适应性的方法和优化传统村落文化生态区域系统性保护与利用的模式,以期系统地解决传统村落文化生态失衡问题,从而推进文化生态学在中国传统村落保护与利用的在地化研究,有助于中国乡村振兴路径和模式的落地与推广。

Rapid industrialization,urbanization,informatization and globalization have brought tremendous technological progress and irreversible environmental changes,which lead to inevitable transformation and development of traditional villages.During the process,how do we preserve and continue the culture nature of traditional villages but also reconstruct the cultural ecology to adapt to the new environmental changes is the core task in the new era of research on protection and utilization.This paper used literature analysis and retrieved the literature on traditional village cultural ecology research from CNKI and web of science databases.Taken into consideration of the system and practice of the national cultural ecological protection area,this paper comprehensively elaborates the concept of traditional village cultural ecology from the perspective of culture and ecosystem.It further explores the meaning of cultural ecological adaptability of traditional villages,the evolution process of cultural ecological system,cultural ecological balance regulation,and cultural ecological adaptability management.Based on this,the idea of refining the cultural characteristics and cultural core of traditional villages was proposed.The method of evaluating the ecological adaptability of traditional village culture,and the mode of optimizing the regional systematic protection and utilization of traditional village cultural ecology were suggested.The findings offer implications for systematically solving the problem of cultural ecological imbalance in traditional villages,encouraging local research of cultural ecology in the protection and utilization of traditional villages in China,and promoting China’s rural revitalization.