迈向可持续目标的中国生态旅游发展研究

Research on ecotourism development in China:Moving towards the goal of sustainability

生态旅游是自然保护地体系建设、国土空间保护利用、美丽中国等重点生态文明工程建设的重要载体。本文对生态旅游发展研究进行了深入分析,探讨了迈向可持续发展目标下中国生态旅游发展研究需要关注的重点领域。研究认为:生态旅游对于联合国可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals,SDG)实现具有多维促进作用,大众生态旅游在现代化管理制度、技术规范和生态文明的中国话语体系中具有较强的适用性。当代中国生态旅游发展具有与以往国外后工业化时期生态旅游完全不同的时代特点,外部环境和关联要素正在不断促使生态旅游发展寻求新的发展路径。自然生态、地域功能、承载能力和经济发展共同勾画出当代中国生态旅游的发展图景,未来研究需要建立以资源环境容量为底线、以生态游憩机会图谱和时空匹配为规律、以空间治理和现代化管控为提升、以强约束低损耗的政策和技术标准为配套的四位一体发展体系,从而为中国实现生态环境严格保护和经济社会可持续发展多元目标提供支撑。

As an important carrier to promote tourism transformation and high-quality development,ecotourism plays a unique role in the key ecological civilization projects such as the construction of natural reserves system,the spatial protection and utilization of national land,and the Beautiful China.In this paper,an in-depth analysis of the ecotourism development research was conducted and the key areas of ecotourism development research in China was discussed in the context of moving towards sustainable development.Analysis shows that ecotourism plays a role in promoting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDG)from multi-dimensions.Mass ecotourism is strongly applicable in the discourse system of China including modern management system,technical norms,and ecological civilization.Contemporary China’s ecological tourism development is completely different from the one in foreign countries during the past post-industrial time.Both facing climate change and human activities,green low carbon and the macro background of production mode transformation,and the space development and utilization,natural protected area system construction,high quality tourism development and regional industrial structure adjustment is closely related to national strategy,such as a series of external environment and the associated elements to seek the new development of ecological tourism development path.Natural ecology,geographical features,carrying capacity,and economic development outline the contemporary China’s ecological tourism development.The future studies need to build to form an integrated system that treats the resources and environment capacity as the bottom line,follows the rules of the ecological recreation opportunity spectrum and the matching of time and space,utilize space governance and modern management as improvement strategies,and takes"highly restricted,low loss"policy and technical standards into consideration.By adopting the above system,the goals of ecological environment protection and sustainable economic and social development can be achieved.