黑龙江省现代农业区农村居民点空间布局优化研究

Study on Optimization of Spatial Distribution of Rural Residential Areas in Modern Agricultural Areas of Heilongjiang Province

为使黑龙江省现代农业区农村居民点高效服务农业生产的同时提高居住用地的集约度,以黑龙江农垦建三江管理局所辖八五九农场为研究区,以研究区范围内的农村居民点为研究对象,利用佳木斯市抚远市与双鸭山市饶河县2015年土地利用变更调查矢量数据库以及高分辨率遥感影像,运用空间分析、耕作压力系数与农村居民点规模预测模型相结合的研究方法,对八五九农场进行了农村居民点空间布局优化研究。结果表明:过大的农村居民点耕作半径是导致八五九农场产生大量田间散居住宅,人均建设用地面积严重超标的重要因素;八五九农场应在适宜耕作半径的基础上,建立高耕作压力区即农村居民点拆旧区与低耕作压力区即农村农民居民点建新区的增减挂钩,对研究区农村居民点进行空间布局调整;研究区应建立农村居民点共计22个,第1至第11管理区农村居民点的数量应分别为2,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2个,平均规模应依次为8.96,2.77,12.87,8.23,8.10,8.44,7.07,12.80,12.89,16.63,21.60 hm^2,平均可承载人口分别为597,185,858,549,540,563,471,853,859,1109,1440人,共可腾退农场居住用地544 hm^2。以耕作压力系数为导向并结合农村居民点规模预测模型进行农村居民点空间布局优化,可在提高农业生产效率的同时实现土地的高效与集约利用。

The purpose of this paper is to improve the intensity of residential land while serving agricultural production efficiently in modern agricultural areas of Heilongjiang Province.The 859 farm under the Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation and Jiansanjiang Administration was taken as the study area,and the rural settlements were taken as the samples in the research area.The land use change survey vector database and high-resolution remote sensing images of Fuyuan City and Shuangyashan City of Jiamusi and Shuangyashan City of the year of 2015,a research method combining farming pressure coefficient with rural residential area scale prediction model developed through spatial analysis were used to examine the optimization of the spatial distribution of rural residential areas of the 859 farm.The results show that the oversize radius of farming in rural residence is an important factor that leads to a large number of scattered residential buildings in 859 farms,and the area of construction land per capita seriously exceeded the standard.859 farms should establish the increase or decrease link between the high farming pressure areas which are the old areas of the rural settlements,and the low farming pressure areas which are the new areas of the rural farmers′settlements,so as to balance the regional cultivation pressure coefficient.To realize the distribution target that the whole area of 859 farms is suitable for rural settlements;on the premise of ensuring conservation and intensive use of construction land on 859 farms,22 rural settlements should be established in the study area,and the number of rural settlements in the first to eleventh management areas should be 2,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,respectively.The average size should be 8.96,2.77,12.87,8.23,8.10,8.44,7.07,12.80,12.89,16.63,21.60 hm^2,respectively,the average carrying population is 597,185,858,549,540,563,471,853,859,1109,1440 people,respectively,the total area is 544 hm^2.The spatial distribution of rural settlements is optimized based on the cultivation pressure coefficient and the prediction model of the size of rural settlements,which can be used to optimize the spatial distribution of rural settlements,which can improve the efficiency of agricultural production and realize the high efficiency and intensive use of land.