重油加工脱碳技术的发展现状与趋势

Development and prospect of decarburization technology in heavy oil processing

脱碳工艺主要有焦化、溶剂脱沥青、减黏裂化和渣油催化裂化,对劣质原料具有较强的适应能力,在低油价下具有较强竞争力。焦化技术总体呈现大型化、灵活化、清洁化和组合化的发展趋势;溶剂脱沥青在超临界回收溶剂工艺开发成功后,经济上变得可行,以超临界溶剂梯级分离为先导的组合技术日益受到重视;减黏裂化技术较为成熟,供氢剂减黏裂化既可提供氢气又可提高反应苛刻度,是近年来的主要发展方向。

Decarburization processes mainly include coking, solvent deasphalting, viscosity reducing cracking and residual catalytic cracking, which have strong adaptability to inferior raw materials and strong competitiveness at low oil prices. The coking technology generally presents the development trend of large-scale, flexibility, cleansing and process combination. With the successful development of supercritical solvent recovery process, solvent deasphalting has become economically feasible, and the combination technology led by supercritical solvent step separation has been paid more and more attention. In recent years, viscosity reducing cracking technology, which can not only provide hydrogen but also improve the reaction extent, has become the main development direction.